East Asia and the West

1. East Asia and the West Why did Western Imperialistic nations have differing result in China, Japan and Southeast Asia?

2. Western Nations Gain Power • In 1800, European nations were more concerned about trading with the Chinese, but the Chinese did not see the Europeans as very important. • However, the Qing dynasty was losing power.

3. The Opium War • Chinese believed that all nations outside of China were barbaric. • Only Guangzhou was open for trading business

4. The Opium War • The Chinese were only interested in obtaining silver. • The Chinese obtained a large amount of British silver by trading their tea.

5. Opium War • British introduced opium to the Chinese to solve the problem of the trade imbalance • Chinese became addicted to opium

7. Opium War • Addiction was such a problem that the Chinese decided to ban the import of opium in 1796. • 1839- all opium found in Guangzhou was destroyed • British were upset!

8. Treaty of Nanjing • First of the unequal treaties • 1842 – British navy captured Shanghai • Treaty greatly benefitted the British and five more ports were forced open for trade with the West.

9. Extraterritoriality • British citizens accused of crimes had the right to be tried in British courts rather than Chinese courts. • Is this fair?

10. Taiping Rebellion • The Qing had lost the mandate of heaven • Caused a rebellion • Leader: Hong Ziuquan – believed he was the brother of Jesus • He wanted to create a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace.”

11. Taiping Rebellion • His followers launched the Taiping Rebellion and captured Nanjing. • Eventually this group was defeated by the team effort of the French and the Qing. • 20 million Chinese died in the Taiping Rebellion

12. Qing Tries to Modernize • Build more coal mines • Make modern weapons • Make modern ships • The Qing were still very weak and spheres of influence were established.

13. Russian German Japanese French British Treaty Port

14. Think ~ Write ~ Share ~ • What is the meaning behind this political cartoon?

15. The Boxer Rebellion • The Harmonious Fists – A secret society that combined the martial arts with the hatred of foreigners and the belief that they were impervious to Western weapons.

16. Chinese Boxers • Began attacking missionaries and Chinese converts to Christianity

17. The Effects of the Boxer Rebellion • Boxers lost to foreign troops. • Uprising suppressed • Beijing was captured by foreigners • Heavy fine imposed on the Chinese • Chinese government was humiliated once again

18. The 1911 Revolution • Qing tried to enact reforms • Japan and the U.S. still wanted to overthrow the Qing dynasty The last emperor of the Qing dynasty who was overthrown by the Japanese.

19. Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-Sen) • A radical leader whose ideology was based upon three principles: • Nationalism • Democracy • Equity in land ownership (Socialism)

20. Sun Yixian ~ The Father of Modern China • Believed that China should eventually become a Democracy • Support for the revolt grew rapidly • 268 rule of the Qing ends

21. The Rise of Modern Japan • After contact from the West, how come the Japanese emerged as a great military and imperialistic power, instead of descending into turmoil and revolution like the Chinese? Tokyo Harbor

22. U.S. Contact by Commodore Perry • The Tokugawa regime resisted outside contact at first • Commodore Perry in Tokyo Harbor with four warships, convinced the Japanese to sign the Treaty of Kanagawa

23. Treaty of Kanagawa • Allowed American ships to stop at two Japanese ports • Five more ports opened for trade in 1858 • Extraterritoriality was also established • Japanese were angry and humiliated by this

24. Meiji Restoration • Shogun had been the supreme military leader of Tokugawa Japan • Japanese resented the way the shogun gave in to Western demands • Mutsuhito, the emperor took back the power of the government.

25. Mutsuhito = Emperor Meiji • “Enlightened rule” • 1868-1912 • He believed that the best way to preserve and to build Japan’s strength was to modernize

26. Meiji Reforms • Iwakura mission to the U.S. (2 years) • All Japanese children were attending school • Adopted U.S. military practices • Industrialized • Built telegraph lines • Railroads • Established a common currency

27. Sino-Japanese War • This war was fought in Korea between the Chinese and the Japanese • Korea had pledged allegiance to China • Japan forced Korea to open ports up for trade.

28. Sino-Japanese Effects • Chinese humiliated by Japanese victory • China recognized Korea’s independence • Japan gained control of Taiwan • Japan won the right to build factories in China • Japanese won respect from the West and extraterritoriality was lifted Little Japan defeating big China.

29. Russo-Japanese War 1904/5 • Russia and Japan struggled for influence in Korea and Manchuria • Japanese could not get the Russians to surrender.

30. Treaty of Portsmouth • Negotiated by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt at Russia and Japan’s request

31. Treaty of Portsmouth ~ Results • Japan gained control of a Russian railway in Manchuria • Russians had to transfer the leases on two ports to the Japanese • Korea was under Japanese influence

32. Europeans in Southeast Asia • Colonies were established in the 1500s for access to spices. • Dutch controlled the spice trade through the 1600s and 1700s • Dutch established sugar and coffee plantations

33. British in Southeast Asia • British controlled Malayan peninsula • British established rubber plantations to provide raw materials for bicycle tire factories

34. French in Southeast Asia • French controlled Indochina • Missionaries were active in Vietnam • Nguyen Dynasty saw the French as a threat and began to expel converts to Christianity • Napoleon III sent a fleet and forced the signing of the Treaty of Saigon • French also annexed Laos and Cambodia

36. French Colonialism in Vietnam • French imposed high taxes on Vietnamese laborers • French were becoming rich from tea and rubber • Vietnamese farmers fell into deep debt • Vietnamese resentment grew

37. According to this 1895 map, which European power controlled the most land?

38. Summarize • Think ~ Pair ~ Share • Why were Europeans interested in colonizing Southeast Asia?

39. Name: ______________________________________ Date: ___________________ DIRECTIONS: Use the information on page 354 in your textbook to complete this chart. Your chart should contain at least two main points or descriptions per reform category.