Augmented Feedback

Feedback Augmented Feedback Is it Necessary ?

Feedback Family Feedback Intrinsic Augmented Visual Auditory Proprio Haptic KR KP

Augmented Feedback Information about performing a skill that is supplemental to sensory feedback and comes from a source external to the performer and can be presented concurrently or on termination of the activity

Knowledge of Results (KR) A category of augmented feedback that gives information about the outcome of performing a skill and its relation to some goal performance

Knowledge of Performance (KP) A category of augmented feedback that gives information about the movement characteristics that lead to the reporting of outcome information

KR and KP

Are KR and KP necessary ? • Is all necessary feedback available ? • Hitting a golf ball from a bunker at Troon • A substitute for perturbed sensory systems • System resolution? • Are you capable of assessing all movement aspects? REMEMBER – When augmented information is available, the learner will try and use it!!!! • Beukers et al., (1992) • Nicholson 1990’s

Using Augmented information: Erroneous KR Adapted from Buekers et al., 1992

Feedback Augmented Feedback How Much?

Early Idea Adapted from Bilodeau, et al. (1959)

Total # of Trial = 100 Ab Frequency = 10 Absolute Frequency of KR Total # of Trial = 10 Ab Frequency = 10

Total # of Trial = 100 Ab Frequency = 10 Relative Frequency of KR Total # of Trial = 10 Ab Frequency = 10

Relative Frequency of KP Weeks & Kordus (1998)

Relative Frequency: Boundaries Taken from Guadagnoli et al. (2002)

Feedback Augmented Feedback When?

Scheduling Relative Frequency: Fading KR (Winstein, 1987)

Fading of KR FADED 50%

Summary KR No Summary T1 KR1 T2 KR2 T3 KR3 T4 KR4 T5 KR5.. Summary T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 KR1 KR2 KR3 KR4 KR5.. Relative frequency Absolute Frequency Total # Trials

Summary KR: Retention Adapted from Gable, Shea, & Wright, 1991

Summary KR: Boundaries Are these data consistent with what we have observed to this point? Adapted from Schmidt et al. (1987)

Trials delay of KR T1-KR1, T2-KR2, T3-KR3, T4-KR4, T5-KR5 ……….Tn-KRn T1, T2-KR1, T3-KR2, T4-KR3, T5-KR4 ……….Tn-KRn-1

Trials-delay of KR Adapted from Anderson, Magill, & Sekiya (1984)

Why does augmented feedback appears to hinder learning ? • Augmented feedback may degrade learning by • Increasing guiding influences • inducing maladaptive corrections • blocking other processing activities • Attention to intrinsic or extrinsic cues • Generation of solution/action plan • Development of error-detection capabilities • Development of reference of correctness

Concurrent Feedback Vander Linden et al., 1993

Implications beyond theory • Errors during practice are not necessarily detrimental for motor learning. • Augmented feedback conditions which promote problem-solving operations seem to benefit motor learning (implicit processing operations). • Augmented feedback conditions which promote performance gains are not necessarily those that promote motor learning.

Augmented Feedback