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John Adams and Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency

John Adams and Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency. 2 nd and 3 rd US President. Election of 1796. John Adams defeats Thomas Jefferson as president Jefferson becomes Vice President… but they’re from different parties!. XYZ Affair. France angry at US over Jay’s Treaty

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John Adams and Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency

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  1. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson’sPresidency 2nd and 3rd US President

  2. Election of 1796 • John Adams defeats Thomas Jefferson as president • Jefferson becomes Vice President… but they’re from different parties!

  3. XYZ Affair • France angry at US over Jay’s Treaty • American ambassadors sent to France to negotiate peace after French seize American merchant ships • French officials demanded bribes before negotiations took place • US and France engage in a quasi war at sea by 1798

  4. Alien and Sedition Acts • Fear of opposition and threat to the national government led to the following acts: • Alien Act allowed the government to arrest, detain, or remove foreigners deemed untrustworthy • Sedition Act limited free speech and expression.

  5. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Democratic- Republicans saw the acts as an abuse of power so….. • Jefferson and Madison write the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, declaring the Sedition Act unconstitutional and hinted that states had power to nullify federal laws if they did not want to obey it (this is known as the Doctrine of Nullification)

  6. Election of 1800 • Jefferson and Aaron Burr tie for President • Jefferson wins by making deal to keep National Bank • 1st peaceful change of political power • Federalist to Dem- Reps • Jefferson brings laissez- faire govt to White House and Congress

  7. The Midnight Judges (1801) • Before leaving office Adams appoints Federalists judges to Supreme Court at last minute • Several appointments were never delivered when Jefferson took office • John Marshall in Marbury v. Madison ruled that the appointees were entitled to their commission but the court couldn’t force the president to deliver them • The Judiciary Act of 1801 established judicial review, declaring laws unconstitutional

  8. Western Expansion • Louisiana Purchase (1803) bought from France • Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804) created to survey the land • Indian woman Sacagawea taken along as a symbol of peace and translator

  9. Indian Conflicts • Unfair treaties for American Indians of the Mid West • Tecumseh’s League • Received help from British • Battle of Tippecanoe (1811- during office of Madison’s term) • William Henry Harrison

  10. Foreign Troubles • 1st American victory overseas in the Barbary War • British impressment of US sailors increased as they desperately needed sailors for war • Fearing war, Jefferson enacts an embargo- suspended trade with Great Britain by ordering American ships to stay in port

  11. What two political parties formed in the early days of the nation? How did they differ? • What doctrine was established by the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, and what did this doctrine state?

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