Social Science Quarterly Exam Review

1. 10/26 Focus: • The first quarter quarterly exam will be next Tuesday 10/30. • Do Now: • Explain the difference between the Paleolithic era and Neolithic era.

2. 11/4 Focus: • The Neolithic Revolution led to development of permanent settlements and then to the development of civilizations in river valleys. • Do Now: • Identify two reasons that civilizations developed in river valleys

3. Quarterly Exam Review • Fields of Study and social science tools • Early Humans • Neolithic Revolution & Growth of Civilizations • River Valley Civilizations: • Mesopotamia • Egypt • India • China

4. Economists • Study the following: • Scarcity of resources • What a society should produce • How to produce it and for whom • Distribution of goods and services

5. Sociologists • Study society and social behavior

6. Archeologists • Study the physical artifacts of a society

7. Political Scientists • Study the origin, development, and operation of political systems

8. Historians • Research, analyze, and interpret the past • Use primary and secondary sources

9. Anthropologists • Study the origin and the physical, social, and cultural development of humans

10. Geographers • Study the connection between people and the places where they live

11. Which social scientist specializes in studying issues such as labor and availability of goods? • anthropologist • sociologist • economist • archaeologist

12. Which aspect of social science would a geographer most likely study in depth? • how beliefs influence the behavior of a group of people • how economic events influence history • how location influences the way people live • how people influence governmental decisions

13. Which social scientists are best known for studying the physical artifacts of a culture? • Geographers • Archaeologists • economists • sociologists

14. When studying ancient civilizations, a geographer would be most interested in looking at • language as a form of expression • family structure • climatic influences on food production • standards for leadership

15. Quarterly Exam Review • Identify the theory shown in the image that is supported by the archeological discoveries made by Mary Leakey?

16. Quarterly Exam Review • What era of human history is shown in the pictures below? • What characterized human life during this period?

17. Quarterly Exam Review • What era of human history is shown in the picture? • What images in the picture would lead to this conclusion?

18. Quarterly Exam Review • Advanced cities • Organized government • Specialization of labor • Organized religion • Social classes • Art and Architecture • Public works • System of record keeping or writing • Traditional Economy

19. How did the introduction of agriculture affect early peoples? • Societies became nomadic. • Food production declined. • Civilizations developed. • Birthrates decreased rapidly.

20. Early peoples who moved frequently as they searched for the food they needed for survival are called • hunters and gatherers • village dwellers • subsistence farmers • guild members

21. Presence of public works, art and architecture, organized religions, and systems of writings are associated with: • Economic Development in Ancient Egypt • Cultural Diffusion in Mohenjo-Daro • Features of the Old Stone Age • Characteristics of Civilizations

22. The term “subsistence farmers” refers to people who grow: • enough food to feed an entire village • food to sell in village markets • just enough food to meet the needs of the immediate family • a single cash crop

23. Quarterly Exam Review • What characteristic of civilization is shown in the diagrams? • Where is most of the power and wealth found in these diagrams

24. Quarterly Exam Review • List three common characteristics found in each of these locations.

25. Quarterly Exam Review • Identify how geography effects cultural diffusion • Identify how geography effects ethnocentrism

26. Quarterly Exam Review • Belief Systems • Contrast the Egyptian view of their gods and the afterlife and Sumerian views of their gods and the afterlife.

27. Quarterly Exam Review • Identify the civilization that each geographic characteristic is most closely associated. Himalayas (2) Khyber Pass Nile River Valley Waterfalls and Sahara Desert Tigris & Euphrates Fertile Crescent Unpredictable River flooding (3) Yellow River Gobi Desert Indus River Hindu Kush Predictable Flooding (1) Deccan Plateau Natural Barriers (3) Lack of Natural Barriers

28. Quarterly Exam Review • Identify the civilization that each term is associated with: Ziggurats Mohenjo-Daro Book of the Dead Han Dynasty Pyramids Oracle Bones Hieroglyphics Caste System Aryans Maurya and Gupta Empires Cuneiform Harappa Hanging Gardens of Babylon Pharaohs Gilgamesh Mandate of Heaven

29. Quarterly Exam Review • Belief Systems • Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism Reincarnation Eightfold Path Karma Dharma Brahman Atman Moksha Nirvana The Caste System Founded by Siddhartha Guatma No founder Four Noble Truths

30. Quarterly Exam Review • Philosophies (Confucianism, Legalism, Taoism) • Identify the philosophy associated with each term, name, or statement The Five Relationships Harsh penalties for breaking laws Filial Piety Seek a balance with nature Strict control of education and free thinking Lao Tzu Placed high value on education rather than punishment “The Way”

31. Quarterly Exam Review • Know the difference between a primary source and a secondary source Textbook Journal Entry Wikipedia entry about ancient China Video showing President Kennedy being assassinated Documentary on Ancient Egypt Newspaper article written during the Civil War Autobiography