Building Blocks of WW II

1. Building Blocks of WW II Mussolini attacks Ethiopia (1935) Hitler arms the Rhineland( Threatens France and Great Britain (1938) Hitler blames Austria for treating Germans as minorities (Annexes Austria by Force) What is the League of Nations Doing??? U.S. in shock ( Starts building a bigger Navy) Sept 1938 Hitler takes Czechoslovakia Sept 1939 Hitler starts to take over Poland with a secret deal with the Soviet Union. ( Non- Aggression Pact)

2. THE ROAD TO WW II The depression opened the door for rulers such as (Hitler) in Germany and (Mussolini) Italy. People suffering looked for help from anyone. Hitler and Mussolini saw war as a possible solution to their problems

3. ADOLF HITLER Background info Reasons for coming to power Very Bad Economy Blamed U.S. and other countries about the Treaty of Versailles No strong political parties Hitler’s National Socialist German Worker’s Party takes over ( Nazism)

4. Hitler’s Views • FACISM = A system of government characterized by a rigid one-party dictatorship the forcible suppression of opposition private enterprise under centralized governmental control, and extreme nationalism, racism, and militarism. ( Started by Mussolini 1922) • Very Militaristic = Two private armies • Brown Shirts (SA) = Storm Troopers • Black Shirts (SS) = Protective Group

5. Targets of Hitler Union leaders Communists Organized religions Jews (Belief of the Master Race)

7. Stages of Persecution Nuremberg laws = Took away all political rights Segregated (ghettos) No phones Made to wear Jewish Star Kristallnacht (Nov.1938) “Night of Broken Glass” Work Camps Death Camps = Torture, Shot, Gas Chambers Committed Genocide = Deliberate and systematic killing of a population (killed 6,000 a day)

9. 1st time during the war that resistance fighters in an area under German control had staged an uprising

10. "we are segregated and separated from the world and the fullness thereof, driven out of the society of the human race."

11. November 1941 the Nazis institute the death penalty for any Jew found beyond the ghetto walls.

12. End of 1941, disease had killed > 43,000 people or 10% of the ghetto population

13. Nazis actually deported more than 300,000 Jews from the ghetto. Most of them were taken to the Treblinka death camp. In the fall of 1942, almost all the factions in the ghetto decided to resist future deportations.

15. What happened to the people of the Warsaw Ghetto? All in all, several thousand Jews had been buried in the debris > 56,000 had been captured. About 30,000 of them were either immediately shot or transported to death camps The remainder were sent to labor camps

16. Hitler rises to power in 1933 . . . What is happening in U.S.? 4.5 Million Jewish people living in U.S. After Kristallnacht (November 1938) FDR would not take victims in “We have a quota system. . .” - FDR Wagner-Rogers Bill = opposition Non-quota entry of 20,000 German children Rabbi Wise agreed to a limited # of children 77% of Americans opposed ^ immigration quota for Germany 66% did not even want children admitted FDR did extend visas for 12,000 Jews already in U.S. St. Louis

17. U.S. during WWII News of mass murders reaching U.S. July 21, 1942 - 20,000 ppl. Protest Nazi atrocities at Madison Square Garden Americans still unaware of extent of Nazi extermination effort August 28, 1942 Wise receives cable from Gerhart Riegner (World Jewish Congress rep.) 3.5-4 mil. Jews to be deported and concentrated for extermination --------> “Final Solution” Solving the Jewish question in Europe Wise took message to Sumner Welles (Under-Secretary of State) Wells say wait until confirmed Meanwhile in Europe 1,000s of Jewish murdered/ day

18. U.S. during WWII Roosevelt’s action -----> Rescue-Through-Victory Criticized by Committee for a Jewish Army of Stateless and Palestine Jews Henry Morgenthau (Secretary of Treasury) decided to push FDR into action Want to save Jewish betheren Met with FDR & presented report of mass murders of Jews Morgenthau called for immediate action 6 days later FDR created the War Refugee Board

19. FDR Plans for War Atlantic Charter = Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly to take on Hitler Both countries pledged the following: Collective Security Disarmament Self Determination Economic Cooperation Freedom of the Seas Roosevelt said to Churchill he could not ask Congress for a declaration of war but “he would wage war” and do “everything” to force an incident.”

21. Atlantic Charter FRD and Churchill secretly met Meeting on the U.S. battleship Augusta Churchill hoped for military commitment Settled for joint declaration of war aims Pledges Collective security Disarmament Self-determination Economic cooperation Freedom of the seas

22. Japan Attacks the United States Problems that led the U.S. into WW II 1940 U.S. stopped selling planes to Japan Stopped selling metal and oil U.S. worked better with China (Japan’s Enemy) Japan wanted dominate power in the Pacific and the U.S. was standing in their way.

23. Pearl HarborDec. 7, 1941 Questions about Pearl Harbor: Did we know the attack was coming? Why on a Sunday? The Japanese destroyed many ships, but not the aircraft carriers, why was this so important?? 2,400 people died ( Some two weeks later) How did they die?

25. BATTLESHIP ROW

26. American Reactionsto Pearl Harbor • Shock • It’s just a minor conflict, the U.S. should quickly take care of the problem. • Declared war on Japan, this directly gets us involved with Germany and Italy. • Mainland did not see pictures of destruction, death, and dismay

29. Propaganda