CONTRASTS IN THE HISTORY OF THE MEDICAL MODEL

1. CONTRASTS IN THE HISTORY OF THE MEDICAL MODEL

2. HEALTH AND THE TRADITIONAL VIEW • Medical Model a.k.a. DisEASE Model”

3. HEALTH AND THE TRADITIONAL VIEW • Rooted in Cartesian thinking • Descartes’ view was mechanistic • Newtonian classical physics completed this mechanistic view

4. HEALTH AND THE TRADITIONAL VIEW • Newton developed a consistent mathematical formulation of the mechanistic view of nature – the three dimensional space of classical Euclidian geometry • Elements of the Newtonian world were material particles, small, solid and indestructable objects – the building blocks of all matter

5. HEALTH AND THE TRADITIONAL VIEW • The body was viewed like a clock, that could be divided into mechanical parts, like a machine

6. HEALTH AND THE TRADITIONAL VIEW • From the second half of the seventeenth century to the end of the nineteenth, the Newtonian model dominated all scientific thought • In biomedical science, the Cartesian view of living organisms as machines, constructed from separate parts, still provides the dominant framework today

7. HEALTH AND THE TRADITIONAL VIEW • Scientific paradigms are based on verification and experimental data • The old paradigm is good!

8. HEALTH AND THE TRADITIONAL VIEW • 1320-1429: Bubonic Plague reduced the population of Europe by two-thirds. • 1793: Yellow fever killed more than 6,000 of Philadelphia’s 30,000 residents • Typhoid and Pneumonia killed at a steady rate year after year. • These diseases were caused by microorganisms • People vulnerable to unchanging mortality rates.

9. HEALTH AND THE TRADITIONAL VIEW • 1860’s – Medicine became scientific – Era 1 • 1870 - “Germ Theory of Disease” came into use in the English-language medical literature • 1920’s – Vaccines (diptheria) • 1930’s - Sulfonamides (antibacterial) • 1940’s – Antibiotics (penicillin)

10. HEALTH AND THE TRADITIONAL VIEW • Victory over illness seemed possible • We now assume there should be a cure for every disease • Before Era 1 – people did not expect cures, illnesses ran their course w/o complaint • Now, we expect to be healed and healed fast

11. LIMITATIONS OF THE TRADITIONAL VIEW OF HEALTH • Current views of life, death, health, and disease rests solidly on seventeenth-century physics • Newtonian descriptions of space, time, matter, and causation have been radically revised and previous assumptions have been redefined.

12. HEALTH AND THE TRADITIONAL VIEW • The new paradigm does not make the old paradigm wrong, but points out its limitations and extends science to a new horizon.

13. MODERN PHYSICS • 20th Century • Einstein’s Theory of Relativity: E=MC • 1935: “a change in the spin of one particle in a two particle system would affect its twin simultaneously, even if the two had been widely separated in the meantime.” • 1960: Chaos Theory

14. THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT • The flapping of butterfly's wing today produces a tiny change in the state of the atmosphere causing, over time, changes that could result elsewhere in a tornado

15. EINSTEIN’S THEORY • Solves Aristotle's problem of Metaphysics (Prime Mover), by describing the one substance that exists (Space) and its properties (Wave Medium), which then • Solves David Hume's Problem of Causation and Necessary Connection by explaining how matter is necessarily interconnected to other matter in Space by its spherical In and Out Waves.

16. MODERN PHYSICS • 1964: Bell’s Theorum: Instantaneous change in widely separated systems did occur (technically impossible to confirm) • 1972: Clauser confirmed the statistical predictions of quantum mechanics using photons, calcite crystals, and photomultiplier tubes

17. Contrasting Old and New Models • All accepted features of Newtonian physics: • The nature of space, time, matter, and causation – have been radically revised in modern physics

18. The body is an object, localized in a specific space, and is an isolated self-contained unit The body is not an object localized in space, but is in dynamic relationship with all other bodies, sharing energetic exchanges TRADITIONAL MODERN

19. Health is an individual affair, affecting a single body Health extends to all other bodies, since all bodies are in a dynamic relationship. Individual health is an illusion TRADITIONAL MODERN

20. Illness is a process experienced by individual bodies. Therapy affects individual bodies Illness is a collective event, since the body is always in relationship with other bodies. Therapy affects all bodies. TRADITIONAL MODERN

24. Accessible Readings • Niels Bohr • David Bohm • Fritjof Capra • William Tiller • Fred Alan Wolf

25. References • Space, Time & Medicine, Larry Dossey • Reinventing Medicine, Larry Dossey • http://www.imho.com/grae/chaos/chaos.html • http://www.vccaedu.org/inquiry/inquiry-fall99/i-42-salmon.html