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Carbon Accounting in the Waste Sector

Carbon Accounting in the Waste Sector. Prof Jim Baird Caledonian Environment Centre Glasgow Caledonian University. Scotland’s Waste. Households 3.2 Million Tonnes Offices/Schools/Shops/Industry 8.4 Million Tonnes Construction and Demolition 10.4 Million Tonnes.

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Carbon Accounting in the Waste Sector

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  1. Carbon Accounting in the Waste Sector Prof Jim Baird Caledonian Environment Centre Glasgow Caledonian University

  2. Scotland’s Waste • Households • 3.2 Million Tonnes • Offices/Schools/Shops/Industry • 8.4 Million Tonnes • Construction and Demolition • 10.4 Million Tonnes

  3. Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) • Tightened up standards for operation • Required pre-treatment of waste prior to landfill And Perhaps most significantly: • Set targets for the diversion of Biodegradable Municipal Waste • Municipal Waste • Biodegradable

  4. Definitions • Municipal Waste • EU - waste from households, as well as other waste, which, because of its nature or composition, is similar to waste from household • UK – Waste Collected by or on behalf of the Local Authority • Biodegradable • Any waste that is capable of undergoing anaerobic or aerobic decomposition, such as; food and garden waste; and paper and cardboard • Leads to Biodegradable Municipal Waste (BMW)

  5. Effect of Recycling on Biodegradable tonnage 3.2Mt/yr 2.5Mt/yr 1.2 Landfill Directive Targets 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.32 0.88 0.6 2010 2013 2020 2002/3 2005/6

  6. Implications • By 2010 – need 300kt/yr treatment capacity • 5 of these

  7. Implications • Or • 4 of these

  8. Implications • Or a lot more of this:

  9. Or Even better -

  10. Evolving Drivers – Recycling Targets • Scotland currently recycles/composts around 30% of MSW • New recycling/composting targets: • 40% by 2010 • 50% by 2013 • 60% by 2020 • 70% by 2025 • New National Waste Plan with single outcome agreements for each local authorities • Max. 25% mixed waste treated using efficient energy technologies (e.g. EfW)

  11. First Wave: • Recycling and Composting

  12. CO2 E CO2 E Resources Resources CO2 E Landfill Householders (Councils) Waste Sector Energy Sector Manufacturing Sector Business Consumers Reprocessor EfW Materials

  13. Current Situation -41%Recycling An Example Council Population: 60,000 households

  14. Increased Recycling – 52% Recycling An Example Council Population: 60,000 households

  15. Carbon Impacts – 4 Components • Collection – vehicles locally collecting waste • Local Reprocessing – includes transport to markets • Displacing Virgin Material • Landfilling residual

  16. Displacement of Virgin Materials

  17. Carbon Emissions – Recycling Programmes

  18. Carbon Emissions – Recycling Programmes

  19. Carbon Emissions – Recycling Programmes

  20. Carbon Emissions – Recycling Programmes

  21. Carbon Emissions – Recycling Programmes

  22. Scotland’s Emissions Mt CO2E

  23. Scotland’s Carbon Emissions (CO2E) Scotland Scotland’s Waste Sector 2.36Mt (4%) 59Mt • Fugitive landfill Emissions • Gas Recovery • Energy Sector • Industrial Processes • Agriculture • Land Use/Forestry • Waste • Collection • Reprocessing • Recycled materials

  24. Impact of Scotland’s Municipal Waste • 3.2Mt/yr to manage – two scenarios • Scenario 1 No recycling – all waste to landfill • Scenario 2 52% recycling – remainder to landfill • Expanding of kerbside collection services • Recycling Centres • Focus of organic materials being recovered

  25. Impact of Scotland’s Municipal Waste

  26. CO2 E CO2 E Resources Resources CO2 E Landfill Householders (Councils) Waste Sector Energy Sector Manufacturing Sector Business Consumers Reprocessor EfW Materials

  27. Waste Management Contributing to Scotland’s Carbon Reduction Programme • Landfill Diversion – helping to reduce the 2.36Mt/yr • BMW reductions help – Landfill gas as energy recovery remains critical • Doesn’t address commercial organic wastes though • Recycling – helping to reduce the 59Mt/yr • Small contribution to emissions from collection • Through raw material substitution – major contribution • Yet what fiscal carbon mechanism works to support the waste sector? • none

  28. But what about Waste Prevention • Avoiding the production of waste is best • Taking a basket of materials (Paper/card/plastic/textiles/glass/metals) • Avoided CO2 per tonne of material (USEPA data) • Apply 10% reduction of these materials across MSW and C&I waste streams in Scotland • Predicts 1Mt/yr in CO2TE emissions reduction!

  29. Waste Supporting Carbon Reduction Well targeted waste policies have a compounding effect and could contribute 6% towards Scotland’s 80% reduction targets

  30. To Conclude: • Waste Management can play an important role in reducing Scotland’s GHG Emissions • The IPCC Reporting Mechanisms limit the extent to which the waste sector is credited for its contribution.

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