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Introduction to Kinesiology

Introduction to Kinesiology. Applied Kinesiology 420:151. Agenda. What is kinesiology? Why study kinesiology? How do we study kinesiology? Review Topics. What is Kinesiology?. Definition: The study of human movement via the physical sciences. Physics  Biomechanics

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Introduction to Kinesiology

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  1. Introduction to Kinesiology Applied Kinesiology 420:151

  2. Agenda • What is kinesiology? • Why study kinesiology? • How do we study kinesiology? • Review Topics

  3. What is Kinesiology? • Definition: The study of human movement via the physical sciences. • Physics  Biomechanics • Anatomy  Musculoskeletal anatomy • Structure • Physiology  Neuromuscular physiology • Function

  4. KINESIOLOGY BIOMECHANICS FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY KINEMATICS KINETICS Spine Pelvic Girdle Shoulder Girdle Linear Angular Linear Angular Vectors Scalars Position Displacement Velocity Acceleration Projectiles Vectors Angles Position Displacement Velocity Acceleration GR Forces Friction Fluid Elasticity Newton’s Laws Work Power Centripedal F Impulse Momentum Torque C of G Levers Acceleration Newton’s Laws Work Power Stability Impulse Momentum Muscular System Nervous System

  5. Agenda • What is kinesiology? • Why study kinesiology? • How do we study kinesiology? • Review Topics

  6. Why Study Kinesiology? • To improve performance. • There are many applications of “improving performance.” Examples? • Athletic performance, dance/pedagogy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, gait analysis, human factors, ergonomics. . .

  7. Why Study Kinesiology? • What does an improvement in performance mean? An optimization of: • Safety • Effectiveness • Efficiency • These are the BIG 3 underlying objectives!

  8. Agenda • What is kinesiology? • Why study kinesiology? • How do we study kinesiology? • Review topics

  9. How Do We Study Kinesiology? • What tools are used to study movement? • Video • Kinematics: Study of motion in respect to time • Force transducers • Kinetics: Study of forces that act to cause motion • EMG • Computer modeling

  10. How Do We Study Kinesiology? • Quantitative Methods • Uses numbers to describe movement • Qualitative Methods • Describes the quality of movement without numbers • General or specific • Either are appropriate when performing a KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

  11. Kinesiological Analysis • Purpose: To describe, evaluate (anatomical and mechanical) and prescribe corrections

  12. Step 1: Describe • Identify the purpose of the movement • Identify the phases of the movement • Identify the simultaneous-sequential nature of the movement

  13. Others? Identify the Purpose Force and distance? Form? Speed? Accuracy? Combination? Speed and accuracy?

  14. Identify the Phases Prep phase Wind-up phase Force phase Discrete vs. Continuous Follow through phase Identification of start and end points is critical

  15. Schaffer, Jobe, Pink & Perry, 1993

  16. Identify the Simultaneous-Sequential Nature • The interaction of the segments involved in any movement can be placed on a continuum

  17. Segments move together Segments move in an orderly sequence Direction: Straight line (linear) Direction: Along a curved path (angular) Purpose: Force, accuracy Purpose: Velocity Anywhere in between (push press)

  18. Step 2: Analyze/Evaluate • Anatomical analysis • Mechanical analysis

  19. Anatomical Analysis • Paradigm • Process vs. Product • Performance vs. Outcome • The anatomical analysis should answer several questions about the involved joints, muscles and reflexes • Each phase must be considered

  20. Anatomical Analysis: Joints • What joints are involved? • What segments are being moved? • What are the beginning positions of the segments being moved? • What are the actions of each joint?

  21. Anatomical Analysis: Muscles • What muscles are responsible for each of the identified joint actions? • Are the muscles activated concentrically, eccentrically or isometrically? • What type of force is responsible for the movement (external/internal)?

  22. Anatomical Analysis: Reflexes • What neuromuscular reflexes are present in the movement?

  23. Mechanical Analysis: • Paradigm • Movement of the human body is governed by mechanical laws and principles • Before identifying the mechanical factors that affect the movement, the underlying objectives of the movement should be defined

  24. Mechanical Analysis: Objectives of Movement • Balance • Regain stability or attain mobility • Locomotion • Prescribed distance, pattern • Projection • For maximum height, distance, accuracy • Manipulation • Objects, reproduced pattern, resistance • Maximum Effort • Force, velocity, power

  25. Step 3: Prescription • Identify portions of the movement that do not meet the anatomical/mechanical ideal • Decide upon an appropriate strategy

  26. Agenda • What is kinesiology? • Why study kinesiology? • How do we study kinesiology? • Review topics

  27. Review Topics • Articulations (pp. 25-30) • Orientation Planes and Axes of Motion (pp. 36-38) • Fundamental Movements (pp.38-41) • Location and action of major muscle groups

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