Introduction to Kinesiology & Biomechanics

1. Introduction to Kinesiology & Biomechanics

2. Definitions • Kinesiology • Biomechanics

3. Definitions • Kinematics • Kinetics

4. Definitions • Static Analysis • Dynamics Analysis

5. Definitions • Anthropometrics

6. Why study biomechanics? • Biomechanist vs Applied Biomechanist • Sports Performance • Ergonomics • Injury Prevention • Improved Rehabilitation

7. Ways to Solve Biomechanical Problems • Qualitative vs Quantitative • Scalar vs Vector Quantities

8. Basic Structural Analysis • Stress-Strain Curve • Stress • Strain • Key Points on Curve • Elastic Modulus • Yield Point • Plastic Region • Elastic Region • Residual Strain • Failure • Safety Factor • Mechanical Energy

9. Basic Structural Analysis • Stress-Strain Curve • Stress • Strain • Key Points on Curve • Elastic Modulus • Yield Point • Plastic Region • Elastic Region • Residual Strain • Failure • Safety Factor • Mechanical Energy

10. Basic Structural Analysis • Stress-Strain Curve • Stress • Strain • Key Points on Curve • Elastic Modulus • Yield Point • Plastic Region • Elastic Region • Residual Strain • Failure • Safety Factor • Mechanical Energy • = ½ stress * strain • Area under the curve

11. Types of Materials • Elastic • Linear relationship between stress & strain

12. Types of Materials • Viscoelastic • Nearly all biologic tissues • Manifestations of Viscoelastic Properties • Rate of Loading • Hysteresis • Creep

13. Types of Materials • Viscoelastic • Nearly all biologic tissues • Manifestations of Viscoelastic Properties • Rate of Loading • Hysteresis • Creep

14. Types of Materials • Viscoelastic • Nearly all biologic tissues • Manifestations of Viscoelastic Properties • Rate of Loading • Hysteresis • Creep

15. Types of Materials • Viscoelastic • Nearly all biologic tissues • Manifestations of Viscoelastic Properties • Rate of Loading • Hysteresis • Creep

16. Material Characteristics • Stiff • Compliant • Brittle

17. Directional Terms Superior/Inferior Proximal/Distal Anterior/Posterior Medial/Lateral Superficial/Deep Movement Terms Flexion/Extension Abduction/Adduction Horizontal Abduction/Hor. Adduction Internal Rotation/External Rotation Radial Deviation/Ulnar Deviation Supination/Pronation Inversion/Eversion Review Anatomical Terms

18. Reference Systems

19. Reference Systems • Why? • Absolute vs Relative • Absolute Reference Frame • Segments intersect in joint center & movement of segment is described with respect to that joint

20. Reference Systems • Why? • Absolute vs Relative • Absolute Reference Frame • Relative Reference Frame • Movement of segment described relative to adjacent segment

21. Reference Systems • Spatial Reference Frame • Movement of body relative to ground • Occurs in xyz directions x Up (+) Forward (+) z Down (-) Backward (-) y Left (+) Right (-)

22. Reference Systems • Cartesian Coordinate System • Fixed reference point • x,y and z coordinates

23. Anatomical Planes & Axes • Plane of Motion • 2 dimensional flat surface • Axis • point about which movement occurs • perpendicular to the plane of movement • Whole Body Planes and Axes • Segmental Planes and Axes

24. Anatomical Planes

25. Planes of movement • Sagittal • left/right halves • Perpendicular Axis - Frontal or Mediolateral

26. Planes & Axes • Frontal Plane • Anterior/posterior halves • Axis - Anteroposterior or Sagittal

27. Planes & Axes • Transverse Plane • Upper/lower halves • Axis - Longitudinal

28. Other Planes and axes • Diagonal or Oblique • plane of movement • perpendicular to the plane • how to find