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PERSONALITY DISORDERS

Obsessive Compulsive Schizotypal Borderline. PERSONALITY DISORDERS. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder. Symptoms Demographics Cause Treatments References. OCPD Symptoms.

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PERSONALITY DISORDERS

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  1. Obsessive Compulsive Schizotypal Borderline PERSONALITY DISORDERS

  2. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder • Symptoms • Demographics • Cause • Treatments • References

  3. OCPD Symptoms • A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, 1

  4. OCPD CONT’D • preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules • shows perfectionism • is excessively devoted to work and productivity • is overconscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible • is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects2

  5. OCPD CONT’D • is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others • adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others • shows rigidity and stubbornness2 • believe that their preoccupations are appropriate • tend to be high achievers • become extremely upset if others disturb their rigidly ordered routines • limited expression of affection3

  6. OCPD Demographic • beginning by early adulthood3, usually develops by age 30 • average age of onset of the disorder is 19 years • tends to afflict more males than females • estimates of about 1% in community samples • about 3%-10% presenting to mental health clinics2

  7. OCPD CAUSE • This disorder tends to occur in families, so genes may be involved. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder most often occurs in men3 • Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder should not be confused with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), although the two conditions share some of the same symptoms3

  8. OCPD Treatments • Children and adolescents • respond best to a combination of both psychotherapy and an antidepressant • begin with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) • or with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, for example: Prozac3 • Medications in combination with talk therapy may be more effective than either treatment alone3 • the need for improved access to CBT2

  9. OCPD References • 1DSM-IV-TR, American Psychiatric Association, 4th edition, 2000, 301.4, p725-729 • 2John March, M.D., Duke University, Edna Foa, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, and colleagues report on the findings of the Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) in the October 27, 2004 Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). • 3 MedLinePlus, Moore DP, Jefferson JW. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. In: Moore DP, Jefferson JW, eds. Handbook of Medical Psychiatry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2004: chap 142

  10. Schizotypal Personality Disorder • Symptoms • Demographics • Cause • Treatments • References

  11. Schizotypal Symptoms • a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and excentrities of behavior1

  12. Schizotypal Symptoms • may be severely disturbed • their odd behavior may resemble that of people with schizophrenia • behave oddly and have unusual beliefs • aliens, witchcraft, etc.. • full-blown hallucinations are unusual • discomfort in social situations • odd beliefs, fantasies, or preoccupations • odd behavior or appearance • odd speech • no close friends • inappropriate displays of feelings2

  13. Schizotypal Symptoms • is present in a variety of contexts: • Criterion A1 • often have ideas of reference • Criterion A2 • may be superstitious or preoccupied with paranormal phenomena • may feel they have special powers • may believe that they have magical control over others1

  14. Schizotypal Demographic • Criterion A3 • perceptual alterations may be present • Criterion A4 • may include unusual or idiosyncratic phrasing and incoherence • responses can be either overly concrete or overly abstract • words or concepts are sometimes applied in unusual ways1

  15. Schizotypal Demographic • Criterion A5 • are often suspicious • may have paranoid ideation • Criterion A6 • often appear to interact with others in an inappropriate, stiff, or constricted fashion • Criterion A7 • often considered to be odd or eccentric1

  16. Schizotypal Demographic • inattention to the usual social conventions • Criterion A8 • experience interpersonal relatedness as problematic • uncomfortable relating to other people • may express unhappiness about their lack of relationships • usually have no or few close friends or confidants1

  17. Schizotypal Demographic • Criterion A9 • anxious in social situations • will interact with other people when they have to • feel they are different • social anxiety does not easily abate • anxiety tends to be associated with suspiciousness regarding others' motivations1

  18. Schizotypal Demographic • Criterion B • should not be diagnosed if the pattern of behavior occurs: during Schizophrenia, Mood Disorder with Psychotic Features, other Psychotic Disorder, or Pervasive Developmental Disorder1 • no known way to prevent • assessing the risk for the disorder for early diagnosis and treatment3

  19. Schizotypal Demographic • begins by early adulthood1 • genes are thought to be involved because there is an increased incidence of this condition in relatives of schizophrenics2

  20. Schizotypal Cause • The cause is unknown • Genes are thought to be involved • schizotypal personality disorder should not be confused with schizophrenia • Between 30% and 50% • also have a major depressive disorder • A second personality disorder, such as paranoid personality disorder, is also common with this condition • No known prevention, awareness of risk, such as a family history of schizophrenia, may allow for early diagnosis2

  21. Schizotypal Treatments • some people may be helped by antipsychotic medications, but in many cases talk therapy is preferred2 • pyschotherapy, most commonly used3 • Is usually a long-term (chronic) illness. The outcome of treatment varies based on the severity of the disorder • possible complications: • poor social skills • lack of interpersonal relationships2

  22. Schizotypal References • DSM-IV-TR, American Psychiatric Association, 4th edition, 2000, 301.22, p697-701 • MedLinePlus, Moore DP, Jefferson JW. Schizotypal personality disorder. In: Moore DP, Jefferson JW, eds. Handbook of Medical Psychiatry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2004: chap 136 • WebMD, 2009, http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/schizotypal-personality-disorder

  23. Borderline Personality Disorder • Symptoms • Demographics • Cause • Treatments • References

  24. Borderline Symptoms • Borderline personality disorder is a condition in which a person makes impulsive actions, and has an unstable mood and chaotic relationships2 • Relationships with others are intense and unstable • frantically try to avoid real or  imagined abandonment • may also be uncertain about their identity or self-image • see things in terms of extremes2

  25. Borderline Symptoms • view themselves as victims of circumstance • Feelings of emptiness and boredom • Frequent displays of inappropriate anger • Impulsiveness with money, substance abuse, sexual relationships, binge eating, or shoplifting • Intolerance of being alone • Recurrent acts of crisis such as wrist cutting, overdosing, or self-injury (such as cutting)2

  26. Borderline Demographic • Tends to occur more often in women and among hospitalized psychiatric patients • Diagnosed based on psychological evaluation and the history and severity of the symptoms2

  27. Borderline Causes • The cause of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is unknown • Personality disorders are long-term (chronic) patterns of behavior • Are impulsive in areas that have a potential for self-harm, such as drug use, drinking, & other risk-taking behaviors • Risk factors for BPD include: • Abandonment in childhood or adolescence • Disrupted family life • Poor communication in the family • Sexual abuse2

  28. Borderline Treatments • Group therapy can help change self-destructive behaviors • Medications can help level mood swings and treat depression or other disorders that may occur with this condition • has a poor outlook because people often do not comply with treatment (possible complications): • Drug abuse • Suicide attempts • Eating disorders • Depression2

  29. Borderline References • DSM-IV-TR, American Psychiatric Association, 4th edition, 2000, 301.83, p706-710 • MedLinePlus, Moore DP, Jefferson JW. Borderline personality disorder. In: Moore DP, Jefferson JW, eds. Handbook of Medical Psychiatry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2004: chap 138 • MedLinePlus, Montandon M, Feldman MD. Borderline personality disorder. In: Ferri FF, ed.Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2008: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2008

  30. Borderline References

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