ORGANIZATION OF LIFE Ch 4

1. ORGANIZATION OF LIFECh 4 Everything is connected

2. What Is Ecology? • Ecology is a study of how organisms interact with one another and with their physical environment of matter and energy.

3. What is an ecosystem?

5. What do all ecosystems have in common? Look at the 3 ecosystems and list the parts of each. Now determine what they all have in common.

6. TROPICAL RAIN FOREST

8. DESERT

10. TUNDRA

12. What Keeps Us and Other Organisms Alive? Life is sustained by the flow of energy from the sun through the biosphere, the cycling of nutrients within the biosphere, and gravity.

13. Earth Has Four Major Life-Support Components • Atmosphere • Hydrosphere • Geosphere • Biosphere

14. Three Factors Sustain Life on Earth • One-way flow of high-quality energy from the sun • Cycling of matter or nutrients through parts of the biosphere • Gravity

15. Solar Energy Reaching the Earth • Electromagnetic waves • Visible light • UV radiation • Heat • Natural greenhouse effect • Energy in = energy out • Human-enhanced global warming

16. Solar radiation Energy in = Energy out Reflected by atmosphere Radiated by atmosphere as heat UV radiation Lower Stratosphere (ozone layer) Most absorbed by ozone Visible light Troposphere Heat radiated by the earth Heat Greenhouse effect Absorbed by the earth Fig. 3-7, p. 44

17. What Are the Major Components of an Ecosystem? • Energy, mineral nutrients, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, living organisms • Some organisms produce the nutrients they need, others get the nutrients they need by consuming other organisms, and some recycle nutrients back to producers by decomposing the wastes and remains of organisms.

18. Oxygen (O2) Precipitation Carbon dioxide (CO2) Producer Secondary consumer (fox) Primary consumer (rabbit) Producers Water Decomposers Soluble mineral nutrients Fig. 3-8, p. 45

19. Living and Nonliving Components • Abiotic • Water • Air • Nutrients • Solar energy • Biotic • Plants • Animals • Microbes • Once living parts, waste

22. What are Abiotic components? What are Biotic components? What is the fundamental energy source? How does this energy source vary at different locations around Earth? Where are Plants in the flow of energy and materials? Why are plants called the Producers, or for more emphasis, the Primary Producers? What is meant by Consumers? What are Herbivores? What are Carnivores? What are the sources of Energy and Materials for the preceding? Where do Humans fit in? What are the implications for energy and space efficiencies? What are Decomposers; what is their "role"? Why can they be called Recyclers?

23. Organization of Matter in Nature

24. Biosphere Parts of the earth's air,water, and soil where life is found Ecosystem A community of different species interacting with one another and with their nonliving environment of matter and energy Community Populations of different species living in a particular place, and potentially interacting with each other Population A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular place Organism An individual living being The fundamental structural and functional unit of life Cell Molecule Chemical combination of two or more atoms of the same or different elements Atom Smallest unit of a chemical element that exhibits its chemical properties Stepped Art Fig. 3-3, p. 41

29. What is habitat?

30. What is habitat?

33. IS SOIL ALIVE?

34. Wood sorrel Organic debris builds up Oak tree Earthworm Rock fragments Millipede Grasses and small shrubs Honey fungus Mole Moss and lichen Fern O horizon Leaf litter A horizon Topsoil Bedrock B horizon Subsoil Immature soil Young soil C horizon Parent material Mite Nematode Root system Red earth mite Fungus Mature soil Bacteria Fig. 3-A, p. 49

35. Habitat destruction