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Ch. 1 – Characteristics of Life & Organization of the Human Body

Ch. 1 – Characteristics of Life & Organization of the Human Body. What is the difference between Anatomy and Physiology?. A. Anatomy- study of the structures of an organism. -Examples of 4 subcategories:. 1. Gross anatomy- large, what you can see. 2. Microscopic anatomy - tiny.

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Ch. 1 – Characteristics of Life & Organization of the Human Body

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  1. Ch. 1 – Characteristics of Life & Organization of the Human Body

  2. What is the difference between Anatomy and Physiology?

  3. A. Anatomy-study of the structures of an organism -Examples of 4 subcategories:

  4. 1. Grossanatomy- large, what you can see

  5. 2. Microscopicanatomy - tiny Cytology= study of cells Histology= tissues

  6. 3. Developmental Anatomy -structure of an embryo (embryology)

  7. 4. Pathologicalanatomy- diseased structures

  8. B. Physiology-study of the functions of an organism

  9. What are the levels of organization in the human body? -chemical (subatomic, atomic, molecules, macromolecules) -organelles -cells (differentiated to perform unique functions) 100 Trillion! -tissues -organs -organ system(see below) -organism (human)

  10. Virtually all processes in the body occur in order to maintain Homeostasis • What is Homeostasis?

  11. Homeostasis- an organism’s maintenance of a relatively constant internal state within set ranges. Examples: Temp.= ~ 98.6 °F b.p.= ~ 120/80 mmHg glucose= ~ 90-130 mg/dl Blood pH= 7.4 hydration= ~60% H2O MANY, MANY more!

  12. Homeostatic control mechanisms- -known as a feedback control loop -virtually all of the body’s organ systems can be involved -there are three basic components: -Sensor – senses a change (a“stimulus”) -Integrator, (control center) – interpret the change -Effector – responds to the change

  13. Example: SENSOR: pressure sensor in the walls of the heart and major arteries senses low blood pressure and sends a signal to the brain. INTEGRATOR: Medulla oblongata in the brain determines degree in which b.p. must be corrected and send a signal back to the heart. EFFECTOR: the heart begins to beat faster thereby increasing pressure.

  14. NEGATIVE feedback mechanism- -creates a response that opposes the initial disturbance. (reverses the change) -work to stabilize physiological variables -are responsible for maintaining homeostasis

  15. POSITIVE feedback mechanism- -amplifies or reinforces the change that is occurring CANCER!  -can be harmful or disasterous -very few normal positive feedback mechanisms -childbirth, bloodclotting, a sneeze

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