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RUSSIA: WORLD’S FIRST COMMUNIST STATE

Explore the causes and effects of the Russian Revolution from the fall of the Romanov Dynasty to the establishment of the USSR. Follow Lenin's promises and the Civil War between Reds and Whites, then witness Stalin's brutal totalitarian rule and its impact on Soviet society.

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RUSSIA: WORLD’S FIRST COMMUNIST STATE

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  1. RUSSIA:WORLD’S FIRSTCOMMUNIST STATE

  2. Russian Revolution • read pages 280-284 and complete an outline

  3. CAUSESRomanov Dynasty Absolutism Hardships of WW I Hunger/unrest Need for land reform Marxist ideas Anger at Czar and Czarina & Rasputin’s influence EFFECTSProvisional govt. set up and overthrown by Lenin Execution of Czar and family Russia withdraws from WW I and signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1st Communist nation USSR Command economy – government owns means of production and distribution Russian Revolution 1917Peace, Land and BreadLenin, Trotsky and Bolsheviks

  4. LENIN • 1917 – 1924 • Promises “peace, bread, land” • Pulls devastated Russia out of WWI with Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Nationalizes (puts under ownership and control of state) land and industry • Soviets – councils are set up to govern nation

  5. LENIN

  6. CIVIL WAR 1918-1921 • “Reds” – communists • “Whites” – counterrevolutionaries loyal to czar • U.S. Britain, France support Whites • Reds win, take control

  7. NEW ECONOMIC POLICY (NEP) • After chaos of WWI, Civil War and war communism, Lenin uses NEP to rebuild nation • Private control of land, business, production allowed (capitalism) • More freedom in arts and lit.

  8. U.S.S.R. • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics formed in 1922

  9. STALIN (Man of Steel) 1924-1953

  10. CHIEF GOAL • To make U.S.S.R. into a modern, industrial power, with all production under government control

  11. PLAN • Create a command (planned) economy using 5 year plans, emphasis on heavy industry, war materials

  12. RESULT • Consumer goods neglected, needs of state come first • By 1953, nation is modern industrialized

  13. PLAN FOR AGRICULTURE • Also under government control • Peasants forced to give up farms to join collective farms

  14. RESULTS • Millions who oppose policy were killed or sent to prison camps in Siberia • Opposition strong in Ukraine where wealthiest peasants (kulaks) lived • Stalin seized all food supplies of people who opposed plan and millions starve to death, Ukrainian Terror Famine • Standard of living drops for most

  15. LIFE IN A TOTALITARIAN STATE • Stalin ruled as a dictator with unlimited power • Secret police and “purges” used to clean out “disloyal” communist party members • Censorship, propaganda, KGB • Religion and arts controlled, socialist realism • Execution, imprisonment (gulag archipelago), exile for millions

  16. STALIN’S LEGACY • One party, totalitarian dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizen’s lives • Communist ideology replaces religion • Communist party members the new elite • State provided free medical care, daycare, inexpensive housing, but still shortages • Women equal under law

  17. BY 1953 • Soviet Union is a superpower and leader in industry • But, people pay a heavy price under ruthless, brutal leadership • Responsible for as many as 20 million deaths

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