On the integrity of the observational networks:

1. Contributions of CIMO to Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment (session 4) First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment , 10-14 June 2013 (Jitze van der Meulen, CIMO MG)

2. On the integrity of the observational networks: “Every day, at any hour of the day, it monitors hazards and disseminates relevant information. Up-to-the-minute satellite images and coordinated scientific assessments alert the public at risk as well as leaders in the public and private sectors to imminent hazards, whether they are floods or droughts, blasting sand storms or creeping temperature. WMO will work with its partners to ensure that the contents and formats of its hazard monitoring datasets optimally match those needed in risk assessment modelling”. First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment

3. First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment

4. Availability of observations: “////// or 9999 or 23,4 m/s?” • To support forecasts, warnings for expected Hazards • To continue during and after a Hazard • Availability to be guaranteed, also after a hazard • Necessary for nowcasting the weather to help rescue teams • So not only for adequate forecasting hazardous events First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment

5. Availability of observations: “////// or 9999 or 2345?” Typical constraints and requirements: • stable, reliable instruments and systems • designed to withstands the extreme environmental impacts to be expected • well maintained, inspected and managed • integrated in a network, with sufficient redundancy and back-up how? See CIMO Guide (WMO-No. 8) First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment

6. Availability of observations: “////// or 9999 or 2345?” Apart from well designed, sited and maintained instruments and systems, it requires • well defined and designed communication • sustainable communication, to be redundant • alternative communication lines, for back-up Note: networks and ICT communication not a typical CIMO responsibility First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment

7. Sustainability of measurements and reports(land and ocean)(impact of hazards on hydro-meteo measurements) • high wind impacts: storms, hurricanes, tornados • high precipitation impacts: flooding, water resistant • lightning impact • dust storm impact: build up of dusk and sand to stop moving parts • icing, hail and severe snowfall impact: destruction, blocking moving parts, unreliable measurements • manned stations: unavailability of observers and data managers during hazards First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment

8. Role of CIMOInstruments and Methods of Observation Programme • CIMO will provide guidance and recommended practices (standards) on instruments an methods of observation, to be used by all other WMO Programmes • CIMO will not state the specific requirements on data quality, but inform on the state of the art and what is feasible based on requirements defined by the other TCs • CIMO is pro-active and helpful to define requirements First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment

9. Position of CIMO (1) • to serve all other programmes (or TCs), not only WWW, with guidance • will not state requirements on the quality of observations (the user should do) • will promote and guide recommended methods for reliable measuring techniques • will produce standards in observation and measurements techniques • will advice of the feasibility of merriments in reply to users’ requirements • stimulates the establishment of regional instrument centres to support national services • will organize international instrument intercomparisons to demonstrate the feasibility of specific instruments, the techniques involved First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment

10. Position of CIMO (2) • will inform on the current state of measurement technology and indicate performance improvement • stimulates technology knowledge transfer by frequently organized Technical Conferences (TECO) and workshops to train instrumentalists • publication for hydro-meteo services and the general public of IOM reports and CIMO Guide. • co-operates with industry (HMEI) on further improvements. • Stimulates Members’ awareness to improve the quality of observations • Co-operates with other standardization organizations to develop standards (e.g. ISO on Hydrometry, Air Quality, Radiation) First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment

11. Items, from the past • Coastal zone natural hazards (tsunamis): evaluating sensors for early warning systems Ray Canterford (Australia): “This has assisted in promoting the CIMO role in Deep Ocean and sea level instrumentation and the CBS role in the GTS. We in WMO need to establish effective tsunami early warning systems within a multi-hazard framework, particularly related to national multi-hazards alert and response mechanisms.” • flooding: precipitation intensities measuring devices for high RI (2000 mm/hr) • droughts: ground humidity, measuring very low concentrations is still a challenge (but satellite data is very useful) First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment

12. Some history, CIMO-2002 Focus on coastal zone natural hazards • CIMO agreed the process of risk assessment and mitigation required the development of: • An efficient and robust early warning system • A fast and reliable data and information dissemination system • A study of pre-disaster hazards, vulnerability and risk assessment inventories • An efficient post-disaster management and recovery strategy • A high level of public awareness Focal points: • Integration of in-situ (land and ocean), satellite data and NWP • Development and use of appropriate GIS system First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment

13. Some history, CIMO-2006 Critical role of CIMO in the WMO DPM Programme through the provision of: • Instrument and observing system specifications to meet requirements for the accurate and traceable measurement of meteorological, related geophysical and environmental variables, taking into account both experience and new developments for hazard monitoring and detection; • Support of the CIMO Coordinator for DPM in identifying how surface-based technologies can support natural hazard monitoring activities; • Encouragement to the instrument manufacturers to develop more robust instruments with greater resilience to extreme weather condition and with increased measuring range; • Guidance on use of instruments in harsh atmospheric conditions. Develop a joint plan for: • Development of guidelines detailing the TOR of expert missions to the NMHSs to assist with the development of modernization plans for observing systems; • Development of training modules for these experts on how to undertake these missions. First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment

14. Possible CIMO Contributions, 2006, .. First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment

15. Proposed CIMO Inter-Commission and WMO program Collaborations First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment

16. discussion First Technical Workshop on Standards for Hazard Monitoring, Data, Metadata and Analysis to Support Risk Assessment