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Martin Luther White German Lived in Germany in the 1500s

Martin Luther White German Lived in Germany in the 1500s Was a Catholic priest who nailed 95 theses on a church door stating that he wanted to debate 95 teachings of the Catholic Church – specifically what is required to “go to heaven”

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Martin Luther White German Lived in Germany in the 1500s

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  1. Martin Luther White German Lived in Germany in the 1500s Was a Catholic priest who nailed 95 theses on a church door stating that he wanted to debate 95 teachings of the Catholic Church – specifically what is required to “go to heaven” Was excommunicated and ended up starting his own “Lutheran” Church. His legacy opened the door to others who then also protested against the Catholic Church and started other “Protestant” churches like Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist, etc. Martin Luther King Jr. Black American Lived in the United States in the 1900s Was a Baptist preacher who wanted to debate the issue of racial inequality in the United States Led the civil rights movement in the United States that brought about significant changes to existing discriminatory policies that had unfairly punished minorities

  2. Martin Luther and the Protestant REFORMATION (Protesting the Catholic Church and reforming new churches) As a result of the printing press; bibles became available and people started reading it. Disagreements broke out over what the Bible really said

  3. Martin Luther: protestingand reforming thinking about God and church • Martin Luther: was the instigator of the Protestant Reformation • The Protestant Reformation was the religious movement of the 16th century (1500s) that began as an attempt to reform or improve the Catholic Church but resulted in the excommunication of Luther and the creation of new Protestant churches (Lutheran, Baptist, Methodist, etc.)

  4. Martin Luther was a smart Catholic Priest and university professor who knew the bible really well. • He was mad that the church was selling prayers to raise money • So he wanted to start a debate to help expose the Church’s errors and improve the Church • So he nailed 95 theses (issues) that he wanted to debate the church on to the door of a church in Germany challenging the Church to a debate

  5. What got Luther mad? • The Selling of Indulgences: • indulgences (special prayers prayed by the church that reduced someone’s time in Purgatory • Purgatory: a place in-between earth and Heaven where Catholics had their bad things purged out of them so that they would be clean to go to heaven

  6. Indulgences

  7. The teachings of the Pope and Church teachings are just as valid as whatever it says in the Bible Selling indulgencesand the doctrine of Purgatory are legitimate because the Church says so Membership in the Catholic Church, and doing good works is required to go to heaven You need a priest to teach you – You need to confess your sins to a priest Reading and interpreting a bible on your own is forbidden You need the Church to do ‘last rights’ to go to heaven The Bible is above the Pope and the Church’s teachings – if it’s not in the Bible then It’s not valid indulgences and Purgatoryare not in the Bible so they are not valid You don’t need the Catholic Church to go to Heaven Your faith alone in Jesus Christ – his forgiveness of your sins, gets a person into heaven –notmembership in the Catholic Church or the works that you do. A person can’t buy indulgences as a way to heaven. You are your own priest – you stand before God on your own – you can read the bible for yourself – confess your own sins Beliefs of the time Catholic Church Martin Luther

  8. Finish these sentences • Luther’s 95 theses were…. • Martin Luther believed…. • Protestants…. • 2 reasons people went with Luther’s church were…. • 2 countries that are predominantly catholic are • 2 countries that are predominantly Protestant are

  9. Heaven • PURGATORY • EARTH • HELL

  10. The Protestant Reformation was people protesting against the Catholic Church and starting new non-catholic churches like the Lutheran Church, the Methodist Church, Anglican Church, etc.

  11. 1. Why was Martin Luther mad at the church? • 2. What were indulgences? • 3. What did he do? • 4. what were 3 of his beliefs? • 5. What did he do with the pope’s letter threatening to excommunicate him? • 6. what did he do when the King told him to recant? • 7. Why didn’t the inquisition get him? • 8. What happened over the next 15 years? • 9. what was decided at the Peace meeting ending this war between Catholics and protestants? • 10. What are 2 different reasons people chose Luther’s church? • 6. So what was the “protestant reformation”?

  12. Finish these sentences • Henry the VIII… • England is not Catholic because…

  13. Instead of asking the question, “ are you Catholic or Christian?” • Instead ask • “are you Catholic or Protestant?”

  14. responding to all this, Pope Leo X issued a decree threatening Luther with “excommunication” if he didn’t “Recant”Luther, didn’t budge one inchInstead, his students cheered as he threw the Pope’s warning into a bonfire

  15. Charles the V – the 20 year old ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) then ordered Luther to stand trial at the German city of WormsThere he also told Luther to “recant”. Again, Luther refused stating,“I am bound by the scriptures and my conscience is captive to the word of God. I cannot and will not retract anything….”

  16. Charles V then declared Luther a heretic, ordered his writings to be burned and made it against the law for anyone to give him food or shelter

  17. The Inquisition • Church courts that investigated and prosecuted persons accused of heresy • Many times they used torture to get accused persons to ‘recant’ or take-back what they had said or taught

  18. Heresy or heretics • People who taught things that were different from official church teaching • Heretics were taken before the Inquisition and given opportunities to recant – many times tortured • If they did not recant they were declared a heretic – (devil/witch) and burned at the stake

  19. Knowing that it was only a matter of time before Luther would be tried and burned at the stake;Frederick the Wise of Saxony (a German province)had a group of hooded men capture (rescue) Luther hide him away in Frederick’s castle. Luther was in hiding for over a year. There he translated the New Testament from Latin into German so that regular people could start reading it

  20. Eventually a war broke out in Germany over the Martin Luther issueThe war pitted those provinces (states) who remained loyal to the Catholic Church VS.the provinces who wanted to break with the Catholic Church and go with Luther’s religion

  21. Those princes whose provinces protested against the Church were called “protestants”The war lasted over 15 years and the Catholics won. • The two sides finally sat down at the peace table – The Peace of Augsburg allowed each province to choose the Church that it wanted in it’s province:The Catholic Church or Luther’s Church (Lutheran)

  22. The Spread of Protestantism

  23. Reasons certain rulers chose Protestantism • #1. They agreed with Luther’s interpretation of the Bible – things like you are your own priest, etc • #2. other rulers chose to go with Protestantism so that they wouldn’t have to follow the Pope and Bishops or pay tithes (10%) to the Catholic church

  24. Spread of Protestantism • This new wave of Lutheranism spread northward into Denmark, Sweden and Norway. • Because Luther stood up to the Catholic Church and wasn’t burned as a heretic • this created a whole “protestant” movement throughout Europe

  25. Soon you had John Calvin starting another church in Geneva, Switzerland. • John Knox took his thinking to Scotland where they became the Presbyterian Church. • Anabaptists were a totally new sect that began springing up all over Germany and France.

  26. The Spread of Protestantism

  27. THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH Protestant Churches Lutheran, Mennonite Anglican, Presbyterian Baptist, Amish Methodist, Jehovah’s Witness, Mormon Iglesia de Paz, etc

  28. Because of all this fighting between Catholics and Protestants – many groups began thinking about moving to America where they could be thousands of miles away from Rome and start over doing church without all the religious drama. • One of the first groups to follow their dreams were the “Pilgrims”/or Puritans

  29. England/Great Britain/United Kingdom (U.K)

  30. Henry the VIII of England • Henry wants a son (heir) and Catherine is 42 and not cooperating. • The pope won’t give Henry an annulment (divorce) – so …. • He creates the Church of England (Anglican Church) and makes the monarch of England over it so that he can get a divorce • England is not Catholic because Henry the VIII wanted a divorce and the pope wouldn’t give it to him • Wives of Henry the VIII • Catherine of Aragon (Mary’s reign 1553-1558) • Anne Boleyn (Elizabeth’s reign 1558 -1603) • Jane Seymour (Edward’s reign 1547-1553) • Anne of Cleaves • Catherine Howard • Catherine Parr

  31. Elizabeth I • Daughter of Anne Boleyn • Never married (Virgin queen) • Kept England Protestant • Defeated the Spanish Armada • Loved in England

  32. The Spread of Protestantism

  33. Assignment: read pages 492-493 and answer this question: • Write at least 1 paragraph explaining • Why is England protestant and not Catholic?

  34. Catholic COUNTER Reformation COUNCIL of Trent • The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final. No individual person could interpret the Bible • 2. Christians needed faith and good works to get to heaven • 3. The Bible and Church teaching were equal authority • 4. Selling indulgences was outlawed • They also banned and burned many books and stopped people from printing bibles so people would not read them STOP Protestantism SPREAD Catholicism Train priests! Set up Inquisitions! Burn bibles! Defend Catholic doctrine!

  35. The Catholic or “counter reformation” • Furious about Martin Luther and all these “protestants” leaving the catholic church • The RESPOND • This Catholic reformation was begun by Ignatius Loyola • He developed a system of daily religious exercises: things like meditation, prayer and study. • Over the next couple of years he gained a great deal of followers. • Later the Pope created a religious order of “super Catholics” or Jesuits • Strong in mind and duty-many missionaries were Jesuits • Inquisition or church “torture” courts were put in every country • The Church decided a few official doctrines during this time: • 1. The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final. No individual person could interpret the Bible • 2. Christians needed faith and good works to get to heaven (Luther had said faith alone saves people) • 3. The Bible and Church teaching were equal authority • 4. Selling indulgences was outlawed • They also banned and burned many books and stopped people from printing bibles so people would not read them

  36. Catholic ChurchMission / Priests

  37. SPANISH MISSIONS

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