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AY202a Galaxies & Dynamics Lecture 19: Large Scale Structure

Explore the distribution of matter in space, from past to present, and its evolution. Learn insights from galaxy surveys and luminosity functions, comparing to cosmological models. Delve into the history of Large Scale Structure studies.

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AY202a Galaxies & Dynamics Lecture 19: Large Scale Structure

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  1. AY202a Galaxies & DynamicsLecture 19:Large Scale Structure

  2. What is the object of the game? Three questions + : What is the distribution of matter in space now? What was the distribution a long time ago? How did the distribution evolve? And 4. What can we learn about the Cosmological Model? Routes: Galaxy &Cluster & AGN (Redshift) Surveys Luminosity Functions Clustering Statistics Comparison to Models CMB

  3. The Problem of LSS How did the Universe get its lumps? • We know that ~400,000 years after the big bang the Universe was really smooth - bumps and wiggles smaller than one part in 105. • Today the Universe is really lumpy. You and I are over densities of a factor of 1030.

  4. We study structures by making maps. Topography/Topology

  5. Election ’06 Congressional Districts

  6. Its all in the display: Election ’04 By County R/B By County color range By state scaled by population

  7. Its all in the displayII Election ’08 By County R/B By County color range By state scaled by population

  8. History of LSS Studies Early Days ---- just 2-d Maps from Catalogs Messier ~1771, 103 original objects, now 110 NGC (J. Dreyer + Herschels) ~1880 7840 Objects in the NGC 5326 in the Index Catalogs Shapley & Ames Catalog 1932 1246 galaxies mpg < 13.2

  9. Revised Shapley Ames Catalog – Sandage & Tammann

  10. Large Scale Structure LSS is the distribution of galaxies in space. History: A. Dawn of “time” (or of observational cosmology) --- The Universe is “Sensibly Uniform” (E. Hubble 1936) B. View Rapidly Evolved Shapley-Ames Catalog (1936) Superclusters? F. Zwicky (1937-57) Clusters Common

  11. Zwicky vs Hubble --- the Field vs Clustering on all scales Hubble Zwicky

  12. C. Attempts to look at distortions Rubin 1952 D. Delineation of the “Local Supergalaxy” deVaucouleurs 1956 E. New Catalogs created from Photographic Surveys ---- 2D only Zwicky++ the CGCG; 1961-66 Vorontosov-Velyaminov ++ the MCG 1960’s Nilson = UGC (1974) Lauberts & West = ESO (1970’s)

  13. Zwicky and his Catalogue of Galaxies and of Clusters of Galaxies (CGCG)

  14. Catalogue of Galaxies & of Clusters of Galaxies – Zwicky, Herzog, Kowal, Wild 1961-66 ~31,000 galaxies

  15. Shane-Wirtanen Map Lick ~1968

  16. Nilson UGC + ESO + MCG 25,000 galaxies From Nigel Sharp 1977

  17. 3D Mapping the Local Universe Not much progress until the mid 1970’s! In 1972 the largest “complete” galaxy redshift sample had only ~250 galaxies New theoretical drivers --- Peebles & students & friends angular correlation functions w(θ) = P(θ)/PR(θ) - 1 Key was innovation in detector technology: computers + digital detectors sensitive radio receivers

  18. First attempts at 3-D analysis Turner & Gott 1975-76 CGCG w some v’s Rubin, Ford, Thonnard & Roberts ’76 Flows? Tifft & Gregory ’76 LSS around Coma Sandage & Tammann RSA velocities (still w plates!) Caltech Group (remain nameless but includes JH) Davis, Geller & Huchra ’78 3-D statistics Chincarini & Rood ’79 analysis of existing v’s Kirshner, Oemler Schechter & Shectman ’81 Bootes Void Giovanelli & Haynes ’80s Arecibo Surveys, ’82 Lynx - Ursa Major filament

  19. Turner & Gott 1975-76 Isolated Galaxies Groups Systematic Analysis of clustering in the CGCG LF & Omega Binary Galaxies

  20. Tifft & Gregory ’76 1. All galaxies in groups or clusters 2. Truly isolated galaxies don’t  3. Coma < 3o (#3 probably wrong)

  21. Davis, Geller & Huchra ’78 1st Spatial correlation function from a redshift survey LF and Omega again

  22. Chincarini & Rood ’79 1. Coma big, part of a 200 Mpc structure 2.  chains, clumps & voids

  23. KOSS ’81 133 redshifts in three fields to R ~ 16.3

  24. Giovanelli & Haynes ’82 Lynx-Ursa Major Filament

  25. Why & How Redshift Surveys?

  26. Larsonwasn’t quite right…

  27. CfA Surveys(1) DHLT (1982).(2) dLGH++ (1985-1995)

  28. FL Whipple Obs

  29. The Little Telescope That Could The FLWO 60-inch

  30. The Z Machine Davis, Tonry, Latham & Huchra Based on a concept by Shectman & Gunn

  31. Spectral features in galaxies

  32. Cross correlation Techniques: DFT’s of spectra Schechter ’76 Tonry & Davis ’78 Kurtz & Mink ‘98

  33. Giovanelli & Haynes Pisces-Perseus Survey (Arecibo)

  34. Zwicky Catalogue and the first CfA Slice Why Strips?

  35. Zwicky C and the first CfA Slice Why Strips? (1) Optimal Observing Strategy (2) Good mapping strategy

  36. 1985 deLapparent, Geller & Huchra

  37. CfA2 LF by Type

  38. CfA2 1995

  39. 300 – 400 M lyr 400 – 500 M lyr

  40. Las Campanas Redshift Survey 1998 Shectman et al. Fibers + Plug Plates on the 100” Dupont

  41. 2 Degree Field Redshift Survey

  42. 2dF Sky Coverage

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