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ECGD4228 Transportation Engineering II Summer 2008 Sat. 15:30-18:30 PM K004

ECGD4228 Transportation Engineering II Summer 2008 Sat. 15:30-18:30 PM K004. Lecture 4. Pavement Purposes and Significance Pavement Conditions Pavement Types Paving Materials. Pavement Engineering. Pavement Materials Pavement Structural Analysis Pavement Design

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ECGD4228 Transportation Engineering II Summer 2008 Sat. 15:30-18:30 PM K004

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  1. ECGD4228 Transportation Engineering II Summer 2008 Sat. 15:30-18:30 PM K004 Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  2. Lecture 4 • Pavement Purposes and Significance • Pavement Conditions • Pavement Types • Paving Materials Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  3. Pavement Engineering • Pavement Materials • Pavement Structural Analysis • Pavement Design • Pavement Maintenance • Pavement Rehabilitation • Pavement Management Systems Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  4. General Definition • Road pavements are structures designed and built on existing grounds to facilitate smooth, safe, reliable, and convenient traffic flows. Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  5. Categories of Road Paving • Flexible Pavements • Rigid Pavements • Mixed Pavements Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  6. Category I: Flexible Pavements Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  7. Categories of Road Paving Flexible Pavements • Hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements • Considered as flexible structures since the total pavement structure flexes to conform the applied traffic loads Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  8. Typical Applications of Flexible Pavements • Traffic Lanes • Auxiliary Lanes • Parking Lots • Shoulders • Ramps Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  9. Advantages of Flexible Pavements • Adjusts to limited differential settlements • Easy repair and maintenance • Maintains non-slip properties • More convenient for drivers • Tolerates a wide range of temperatures Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  10. Disadvantages of Flexible Pavements • Flexibility and cohesion decrease with time • Requires resurfacing sooner than rigid paving • Normally not suitable for dominantly wet areas Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  11. Types of Flexible Pavements Dense Graded Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  12. Types of Flexible Pavements Open Graded Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  13. Types of Flexible Pavements Gap Graded Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  14. Surfaces of Flexible Pavements Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  15. Surfaces of Flexible Pavements Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  16. Surfaces of Flexible Pavements Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  17. Structure of Flexible Pavements Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  18. Load Distribution in Flexible Pavements Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  19. Load Effect in Flexible Pavements Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  20. Configuration of Flexible Pavements Heavy Traffic Volumes Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  21. Configuration of Flexible Pavements Light Traffic Volumes Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  22. Composition of Flexible Pavements Bituminous Materials • Asphalt (Bitumen) is a waste product from refinery processing of crude oil • Sometimes called the “bottom of the barrel” • Properties depend on: • Composition of crude source • Refinery operations Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  23. Configuration of Flexible Pavements Refined Crude Oil Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  24. Bituminous Binders Asphalt Cement Cutback Asphalt Emulsified Asphalt Asphalt Concrete (Binder + Aggregate) Composition of Flexible Pavements Bituminous Materials Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  25. Asphalt cements: Generally refinery produced material - Air blown Cutbacks: Asphalt cements “cut” with petroleum solvents Emulsions: Mixture of asphalt cement, water, and emulsifying agents Composition of Flexible Pavements Bituminous Binders Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  26. Composition of Flexible Pavements Chemical Composition of Asphalt Cement Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  27. Asphaltenes Large, discrete solid inclusions (black) High viscosity component Resins Semi-solid or solid at room temperature Fluid when heated Brittle when cold Oils Colorless liquid Soluble in most solvents Allows asphalt to flow Composition of Flexible Pavements Components of Asphalt Cement Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  28. Rapid cure (RC) (Naphtha or Gasoline) High volatility of solvent Tack coats, surface treatments Medium cure (MC) (Kerosene) Moderate volatility Stockpile patching mix Slow cure (SC) (Low viscosity oil) Low volatility Prime coat, dust control Composition of Flexible Pavements Cutbacks Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  29. Composition of Flexible Pavements Emulsified Asphalts Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  30. Hot mix asphalt concrete (HMAC): Asphalt cement and aggregate heated to 300°F & mixed Cold mix: Aggregate mixed with liquid asphalt Surface treatments (or seal coats) Prime coats and tack coats Slurry seals Crack seals Composition of Flexible Pavements Different Usages Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  31. Consistency, measured by Kinematic viscosity at 135°C (in mm2/sec) Absolute viscosity at 60°C (in 0.1 Pa.Sec) Penetration Test at 25°C (in 0.1 mm) Aging during production of HMAC & service Rolling Thin-Film-Oven-Test (RTFOT) Durability, which is the resistance to Oxidation, volatilization, age-hardening Stripping of asphalt from aggregate Lottman Test Composition of Flexible Pavements Testing of Asphalt Properties Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  32. Flexible Pavements Testing of Subgrade Properties • Characterized by strength and/or stiffness • California Bearing Ratio (CBR) • Measures shearing resistance • Typical values: 0 - 20 % • Resilient Modulus (MR) • Measures stress-strain relationship • Typical values: 3,000 - 40,000 psi (20 – 275 MPa) Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  33. Testing of Subgrade Properties Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  34. Construction of Flexible Pavements Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  35. Construction of Flexible Pavements Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  36. Construction of Flexible Pavements Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  37. Construction of Flexible Pavements Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  38. Construction of Flexible Pavements Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  39. Distresses in Flexible Pavements Condition vs. Time Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  40. Distresses in Flexible Pavements Low Severity Fatigue Cracking Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  41. Distresses in Flexible Pavements Moderate Severity Fatigue Cracking Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  42. Distresses in Flexible Pavements High Severity Spalled Fatigue Cracking Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  43. Distresses in Flexible Pavements Chicken Wire / Alligator Pattern Fatigue Cracking Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  44. Distresses in Flexible Pavements Longitudinal Fatigue Cracking Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  45. Distresses in Flexible Pavements Transverse Fatigue Cracking Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  46. Distresses in Flexible Pavements Blocked Fatigue Cracking Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  47. Distresses in Flexible Pavements Edge Fatigue Cracking Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  48. Distresses in Flexible Pavements Rutting Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  49. Distresses in Flexible Pavements Rutting Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

  50. Distresses in Flexible Pavements Shoving (Heavy Weight Impact) Dr. Wa'el M. Albawwab albawwab@gmail.com

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