Feminism Project

1. Feminism Project Bethany Price-Morato and Matt Fleming

2. What is feminism? • Affirmative-Action Feminism • Anti-Feminism • Amazon Feminism • Anarcho Feminism • 'Boss Tweed' Feminism • Catholic Feminism • Christian Feminists • Constructionist Feminism • Cultural Feminism • Difference Feminism • Dominance Feminism • Eco Feminism • Equity Feminism • Erotic Feminism • Femicommie • Feminazi French Feminism Gender Feminism Hegemonic Feminism Individualist, or Libertarian Feminism Lesbianism Lesbianism — 30+ sexual orientations Liberal Feminism Libertarian Feminism Marxist Feminism Material Feminism Matriarchal Separatist Feminism Moderate Feminism Pod Feminist Pop Feminism Post-modernist Feminism Power Feminism Pro-Family Advocates Pro-Feminist Men Pro-Life feminists Pro-Sex Feminists Radical Feminism Redfem Resenter (angry at men) Feminism Separatists Socialist Feminism Survivor-Feminism Total Rej (total rejection) Feminism Vegetarian Feminists Victim Feminism Women of Color Feminism (Womanism)

3. “Feminisms” "We can't even agree on what a 'Feminist' is...Feminism in America has come to mean anything you like, honey. There are as many definitions of feminism as there are feminists, some of my sisters say, with a chuckle. I don't think it's funny." Carmen Vasquez, Towards A Revolutionary Ethics

4. Brief Herstory of Feminism in the United States • 1848 Seneca Falls, NY--Declaration of Sentiments • 1890 Wyoming --First women voters • 1900 All states pass Women’s Property Act • 1918 Birth control advice allowed • 1938 Minimum wage regardless of gender • 1960 Marks beginning of ‘second wave’

5. Timeline for Feminism NOW Founded Wyoming: First Women Voters AFTI Ethics Code Completed AFTI Ethics Code Started Women’s Property Act Birth Control Advice Allowed 19th Amendment Passed Feminine Mystique Published Seneca Falls Convention Title IX of Civil Rights Act AFTI Code Revised 1848 1900 1982 1966 1920 1999 1890 1918 1963 1986 1972

6. Major Issues in Feminism(s) • Social and Political Equality • Reproductive Rights • Domestic Violence • Sexism, Racism, Class-ism, Heterosexism, Able-ism, and other “isms.”

7. Feminist Cartoons and Images

37. Feminism and Therapy • Naomi Weisstein (1968) • Validation of sexist biases about women • Personality traits vs. social context • ‘Essential differences’ between men & women • Phyllis Chesler (1972) • Emphasis on illness and pathology rather than strength and coping • ‘masculinity’ = health

38. Feminism and Therapy • Chesler (1972) • Mother as ideal woman or mother to blame? • Women’s promiscuity viewed as cause for abuse, therefore responsible for own suffering • Psychotherapeutic relationship protecting status quo in a male dominated society • reinforces sexism, bias, heterosexism, and racism

39. Feminism and Therapy • “The psychotherapeutic encounter is just one more instance of an unequal relationship, just one more opportunity to be rewarded for expressing distress and to be ‘helped’ by being (expertly) dominated.” • Phyllis Chesler (1972)

40. Feminism and Therapy • Some change in degree of gender gap in psychotherapy, but recent research also finds stereotypes in therapy • How do therapists view women? • hypothetical rating of male and female • healthy female rated less independent, more submissive, less adventurous, less aggressive, less competitive, and more easily influenced than healthy male

41. Do Traditional Therapies work for Women? • Traditional Approaches through the feminist lens • Psychoanalytic • Humanistic • CBT • Family Systems Therapy • Interpersonal Therapy • Postmodernism, constructivism, and Narrative Therapies

42. Traditional Approaches • Psychodynamic Approaches • Women viewed as appendages to men • “Electra complex,” “penis envy” • Object relations and Self Psychology • Jungian Archetypal Psychology • focus of “feminine psychology” • “heal the wounded feminine”

43. Traditional approaches... • Humanistic Therapies • Person-Centered Therapy • Emphasizes autonomy, realizing individual potential, self-directedness, etc. • Unconditional positive regard with clients viewed as their own best experts (Rogers, 1951) • Gestalt Therapy • Encourages expression of strong emotions and responsibility for actions • Addresses social context

44. Traditional Approaches... • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy • Early use to resocialize women in becoming aware of rights and negative self-beliefs • Retrain women in redirecting their power in productive ways, influencing environments • Many positive aspects of CBT with women • Fair amount of critique

45. Traditional approaches... • Assertiveness Training • Serves as an important tool for women • But holds a narrow definition of ‘correct’ assertive responses • View human rights as independent from complex gender role context • Assertive speech typically resembles stereotypically masculine behavior • May encourage individualism over interdependence

46. Traditional Approaches... • Family Systems Therapy • Interpersonal Therapy • Postmodernism, constructivism, and Narrative Therapies

47. Feminist Therapy • “The personal is political.” • Considerations • Power Differentials • Context • Socio-Cultural Factors • Therapeutic Relationship

48. Feminist Therapy • Essential Elements • Empowerment • Emphasize Strengths • Respect Client • Gender Sensitivity • Activism

49. Video • Discussion of Feminist Therapy in Practice • Post session discussion with Lenore Walker

50. Video 2 • Can a man be a feminist therapist? • Male therapist (Allen E. Ivey) role plays feminist techniques with two feminist therapists Norma B (Gluckstern & Mary Bradford Ivey).