PRENATAL TESTING, INC.

1. PRENATAL TESTING, INC. “We serve you and your chromosomes” New Employee Training Day

2. Prenatal testing: • Pre= before, natal= birth • Testing a baby’s chromosomes before birth to see if it will be born with any abnormalities

3. Why do tests? Our MISSION. • To make sure the baby is healthy • To check for genetic disorders

4. How do perform prenatal tests? Amniocentesis 1. Draw amniotic fluid 2. Put amniotic fluid in a test tube.

5. How do perform prenatal tests? Amniocentesis 3. Observe through a microscope

6. Karyotype: • A picture is taken of a person’s chromosomes – a karyotype

7. Karyotype:

8. Karyotype: An organized picture showing all of a person’s chromosomes

9. Why do tests? • Doctors generally offer prenatal tests to women with an increased risk of having a baby with particular disorders, including those who: • Will be 35 or older when they deliver. • Have a close relative with a disorder. • Had a previous pregnancy or baby affected by a disorder. • Have test results that may indicate an abnormality.

10. As a trainee, you will answer complete the training questions. • Show me your completed sheet and get your stamp and Certificate. • As a doctor, you will analyze four actual babies’ karyotypes. • Get your stamp.

11. Karyotype Animation • http://www.massasoit-bio.net/courses/136/136_courseassets/cummings_animations/karyotype.html

12. Dispatch pg 92 • Do not copy the questions! • What 2 chromosomes determine whether you are a male or female? • Is the karyotype on the right from a female or male?Explain. • How many chromosomes does a normal person have? • What is not normal about the chromosomes of someone with Down Syndrome?

13. Be sensitive! • You may look away if some pictures are too uncomfortable

14. Down Syndrome or Trisonomy 21

15. Down Syndrome

17. Turner Syndrome

18. Turner Syndrome

20. Kleinfelter’s Syndrome

21. Kleinfelter’s Syndrome

22. TWIN BROTHERS Kleinfelter’s Syndrome

23. Other Chromosomal Abnormalities

24. Cri du Chat Syndrome

25. Cri du Chat Syndrome

26. Cri du Chat Syndrome

28. Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13)

31. Trisonomy 13

33. Trisonomy 18

35. Dispatch 11/20 & 11/21 p. 74 • Do not copy the questions! • What chromosome controls the development of male sex organs? • Is the karyotype on the right from a female or male?Explain. • What abnormality does this individual have? Explain. • What do you think causes these chromosomal abnormalities?

36. Meiosis p. 72

37. Somatic Cells: • body cells • Ex. • Made by mitosis (PMAT) • Gametes: • reproductive cells • Ex.

38. Diploid: • Having 2 copies of each chromosome (2n) • Somatic cells are diploid • Human diploid number is _____ • What are the cells in your body that are diploid? • Are gametes diploid? Why or why not? • How many chromosomes does a sperm and egg have? • Haploid: • Having only 1 copy of each chromosome (n) • Gamete cells are haploid • Human haploid number is _____ • What are the cells in your body that are haploid?

39. Copy and fill in the chart below.

41. Homologous pair: • A pair of chromosomes, 1 from mom and 1 from dad • Contain the same genes (ex. eye color gene) • But may contain different information (ex. brown eyes and blue eyes) Eye color gene

42. Mitosis: The process of making diploid somatic cells It happens ________________ Meiosis: The special process of making haploid gametes It happens in the ______________ & ______________ Do you do mitosis? Do you do meiosis?

43. Gene- A small piece of DNA that has info for 1 trait Chromosome- Large pieces of DNA that contain many genes Centromere Sister Chromatid Nucleus Depending on the age of the cell, a chromosome can be single or have 2 sister chromatids. Cell membrane DNA, Chromosomes, and Genes Notes