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PROTECTING ANIMAL WILDLIFE

This chapter delves into the critical aspects of wildlife population status, including healthy populations, declining populations, reproductive potential, and limiting factors impacting wildlife. Major limiting factors discussed include habitat loss, land use, habitat destruction, and habitat degradation. Accidents, overpopulation, causing population losses, and population enhancement through management are also explored, with examples highlighting successful conservation efforts. Learn about the factors affecting wildlife populations and the importance of sustainable management practices in protecting animal wildlife.

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PROTECTING ANIMAL WILDLIFE

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  1. PROTECTING ANIMAL WILDLIFE Chapter 11

  2. Population Status • Population Status – the overall health condition and numerical count of wildlife populations • Healthy Populations – those that have the capability of increasing and maintaining stable numbers from year to year • Declining Populations – receive no gains and lose numbers from year to year • Reproductive Potential – the ability of a population to increase • Limiting Factor – any one action working alone, or in combination, to decrease the population

  3. Major Limiting Factors Affecting Wildlife Populations • Habitat – area that wildlife needs to perform daily, seasonal, and yearly activities • Habitat – includes food, water, space, and cover • Habitat Loss – the single most important threat (limiting factor) to wildlife on earth. • Land Use – how humans use or treat land (factories, ball parks, crop production, livestock, grazing, timber production, roads, homes, schools, power lines, dams, canals, channels, etc.) • Habitat Destruction – land use that results in total loss of wildlife habitat

  4. Habitat Degradation • Degradation is the second most important factor impacting wildlife • Degradation is reducing the quality of the habitat • Generally results in reduced wildlife populations, but can result in total loss of population if severe.

  5. Accidents

  6. Overpopulation • Carrying Capacity – maximum number of healthy animals a habitat can support • Controlled hunting – to keep wildlife populations from exceeding carrying capacity

  7. Causes of Population Losses • Age – animals become more susceptible to disease, predators, extreme weather, etc. • Health – animals may suffer from disease, parasites, malnutrition, old age, etc. • Pollution – toxins (pollutants) may affect health, and if severe, death • Predation – the capture and consumption of one animal by another • Hunting – legal hunting usually helps populations whereas illegal hunting usually does not

  8. Population Enhancement through Management • Human activities have reduced and even eliminated many wildlife species • Intensive farming eliminated many birds that nest on the ground • Intensive timber harvesting reduced populations of squirrels, deer, and turkeys in many areas • Hunting birds (herons and egrets) for their feathers to be used in hats reduced their numbers • However, proper management has brought back some species • For example…

  9. Pronghorn antelope • Around 1910, there were only around 13,000…today there are over 750,000

  10. Bison In 1895, fewer than 1,000 were surviving from what used to be millions…now they number over 100,000

  11. Giant Canada Goose • In 1954, this race was believed to be extinct. A few were found on remote farms. Today there are over 100,000.

  12. Whitetail Deer • In 1895, less than 500,000 deer in the U.S. Today they number over 15,000,000

  13. Sea Otter • In 1907, the sea otter was nearly extinct. Today they number over 100,000

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