Managing Internet Bandwidth at the University of New Hampshire

1. Managing Internet Bandwidth at the University of New Hampshire A Discussion Forum Managing Bandwidth at UNH

2. Big New Internet Problem • Sudden Degradation of Internet performance • Sudden increase in bandwidth demand: P2P (KaZaA, Audio Galaxy, ...) • Nature of P2P traffic is different: • Robotic (24x7) • Heavy Inbound and Outbound • Rapid proliferation in Residence Halls • Campus network capacity far exceeds local Internet capacity • No institutional impetus to make content value judgments (i.e. Block services) • Costly Internet Bandwidth • USNH Rural Campuses • $1/2 million Annual Internet • Keene State College • Plymouth State College • UNH Manchester • UNH Durham • Small sites (75 - DS1 and slower) • Recurring Managing Bandwidth at UNH

3. P2P Demand example Sept 6, 2002 9:45am approx: P2 Shaper off 11:30am approx: UD2 Firewall installed rule to block: KaZaa (TCP 1214) eDonkey (UDP 41170) Gnutella (TCP 6346) Note: Bandwidth was available from latest Global Crossing Upgrade. We had not yet opened the pipes to PSC and KSC. Internet2 also carried come of this spike. Managing Bandwidth at UNH

4. Solution – Part 1 Bigger Pipes • Add bandwidth as budget allows • Add budget as management allows • Takes time and cannot satisfy enormous demand Managing Bandwidth at UNH

5. Solution – Part 2 • Invest in Bandwidth Management Equipment • Efficient use of costly Bandwidth • One-time Investment permanently lowers recurring costs • Creates flexible infrastructure to better control network • USNH chose Packeteer 6500s and 4500s Managing Bandwidth at UNH

6. Recurring Savings with BW management Managing Bandwidth at UNH

7. Topology Managing Bandwidth at UNH

8. Developing the BW Policy • Technical • Political Managing Bandwidth at UNH

9. Developing the BW Policy • Technical • Learn • Use BW manager discovery tools • See what apps are flowing to/from the Internet • Assess • Study discovery results • Categorize important apps (both useful and harmful) • Design • Take a first stab • Make Decisions for bandwidth allocation and groupings of apps • Implement • Configure BW management policy on the equipment • Turn on Shaping • Evaluate • BW manager monitoring tools • What partitions are saturated? Underutilized? • Other diagnostics – Sniffers, Throughput • Lather, Rinse, Repeat (Go to: Design) Managing Bandwidth at UNH

10. Developing the BW Policy • Political • Review • Authoritative bodies • Student Body President • Academic Technology department • Res Net consulting group • Self appointed ‘experts’ and ‘active users’ • IT hierarchy • Describe problems and proposed solutions • Information encourages reason (usually) • P2P is a problem. Here are the details. • Gaming is not a problem per se’ • Academic Web Research, Email, IM are useful (agreed?) • Pictures are handy • Make recommendation • Agree to re-evaluate • Establish lifelines (phone and email contacts) • Ongoing BW management process will be act and inform • Agility in the face of new BW hogs • Network availability is the mantra • Feedback • Res Hall is where we live (students). Recreation is appropriate within reason (well…) • We (students) understand the problem and want to help • Continue to educate • IT support staff, Help desk, Res Net Consulting, Academic Technology… Managing Bandwidth at UNH

11. Telling the Story Managing Bandwidth at UNH

12. Telling the Story Managing Bandwidth at UNH

13. The Policy – First Pass Residence Hall bandwidth allocation policy - August 2002 Managing Bandwidth at UNH

14. The Policy – First Pass Residence Hall bandwidth allocation policy - August 2002 • Notes: • See next page for Service details by category:. • The objective of this design is to establish a starting point. As we discover that defined services are too slow or are underutilized we can review and adjust the ratios noted in the graph. As new services requiring specific bandwidth are discovered we can either add them to an appropriate category, to the miscelaneous category, or create a new category as appropriate. • Any service not explicitly defined falls into the All Other category and shares the noted bandwidth with all other undefined services. • The working aggregate of 30Mbps exceeds UNH’s total Commodity Internet (CI) capacity of 25M. Internet 2 (I2) capacity is 25M. Empirical evidence to date indicates that student traffic consumes approximately 40% (or 10M) of I2. Therefore, this bandwidth shaping design allocates 80% of the UNH CI feed to the Residence Halls. See note 2 • Historical traffic data indicate that peak usage by Residence Halls is outside normal business hours and therefore this design does not appear to significantly reduce available CI bandwidth for faculty and staff during the day. This assumption may need to be revisited as we develop better empirical information • As we add bandwidth in the near future, we will adjust the policy to hold the same ratios among categories. • This design is the same 24 hours a day. We can consider time-based allocation for future implementations. Managing Bandwidth at UNH

15. The Policy – First Pass Residence Hall bandwidth allocation policy - August 2002 Managing Bandwidth at UNH

16. Satisfied Customers (for now) Managing Bandwidth at UNH

17. Developing the BW PolicyThe Sequal:Our Hero falls off the horse • Policy Complexity overloaded Packeteer • Load increased throughout the semester • William of Ockham and his Razor were right • A simpler policy improved throughput • Still allowed the Packeteer to manage the right BW • KaZaA and other P2P apps got smarter • Latest Packeteer code: • 5.3.0g1 • Manages port 80 and port hopping P2P Managing Bandwidth at UNH

18. Controlling Res Hall Servers Managing Bandwidth at UNH

19. Act and Inform Managing Bandwidth at UNH

20. Res Halls Latest Policy: simple Managing Bandwidth at UNH

21. Res Halls Recent Stats Managing Bandwidth at UNH

22. Res Halls Recent Stats Managing Bandwidth at UNH

23. Fac/Staff Latest Policy • More complex, specific than Res Hall • Fac/Staff has lighter load Managing Bandwidth at UNH

24. Fac/Staff Recent Stats Managing Bandwidth at UNH

25. Fac/Staff Recent Stats Managing Bandwidth at UNH

26. Managing Internet Bandwidth at the University of New Hampshire A Discussion Forum Managing Bandwidth at UNH