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Urban Heritage Management in Southeast Asia: Battleground of Battambang

Explore the cultural and socio-economic battleground of Battambang, Cambodia. Learn about land usage struggles, heritage conservation, and the significance of cultural memory in urban planning. Discover the evolution of Battambang from Buddhist to Colonial periods.

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Urban Heritage Management in Southeast Asia: Battleground of Battambang

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  1. Urban Heritage Management in Secondary Towns and Cities in SEA Cambodia, Siem Reap and Battambang, 25 March 2012 Presentation based on:ForUm - Network for Urban futures inSoutheast Asia Presentation 9 – 11 January 2009

  2. Heritage as a phenomenon of cultural hiatus in the battleground of Battambang Presented by Mu Sochua, MP • Powerpoint based on original presentation by Helen Grant Ross, ARK Architecture Research Khmer, Architect/Urbanistdplg, DEA

  3. A Battleground • The only value of land is the usage to which it can be put. This law of economics explains why the city is the battleground of social struggles as the diverse actors of the population covet it and fight to appropriate it; • Rulers over the dominated – political rulers or empowered technocrats who can enforce their choices of land usage by law enforcement • Rich over the poor – financially powerful who can buy out the poor and impose their choices on the use of the city • Haves over the have-nots – a concentration of ‘haves’ with evacuation of the ‘have-nots’ to less coveted locations • Environmental socio-ecological issues versus economies • Conservation versus change or memory versus innovation • Politics versus planning and conservation • Experts who come up with ideas about heritage management

  4. What is Heritage? • Nobody agrees about heritage. This is why it is called heritage or it would be considered like any other part of humanity’s environment; allowed to live and die, to be maintained or destroyed. Heritage arises with a a cultural hiatus or culture shock. A religion that has fallen out of favour may lead to places of worship being abandoned, a deposed tyrant to his palace falling into disrepute, racism to the creation of ghettos, road vehicles to the replacement of water networks, liberal economies instead of communist ideologies, monarchies to oligarchies, new political ideologies; all these will modify a society’s relationship to its built environment and its desire to conserve, demolish or build.

  5. Concept • The hypothesis is that urban, cultural or built heritage has an intangible value but no intrinsic material value. Like a human body it has no identity without being inhabited by life. Its value resides in the fact that it is the depositor of social consensus and memory • It is the depositor of social memory without which human society cannot relate cognitively, morally or symbolically. • Heritage is the vitality of the city, in the same way as new building, infrastructure and ever changing human activity are the reflection of the rejuvenation of the city • There is no prosperity without intangible well-being

  6. Battambang from Buddhist to Colonial to the Sangkum • ARK Research 2002 • Research conducted by: • Helen Grant Ross • Darryl Collins • HokSokol

  7. Map of Battambang and & environs (1901)

  8. Ancient monuments in the vicinity of Battambang – PrasatBanan ! PrasatBanan Henri Moulhot 1858-60 (1864) PrasatBanan Photo: Darryl Collins (2001)

  9. Travels in … Indochina (1858-1860) • Henri Mouhot, French explorer and naturalist • Travels in the Central Parts of Indo-China (Siam), Cambodia, and Laos, during the years 1858, 1859 and 1860 by the late M. Henri Mouhot, London 1864 • Posthumously published in London (1864) by his British wife and brother following his death due to fever near Luang Prabang, Laos !

  10. Caravan between Bangkok &Battambangc. 1858-1860 ! !" A caravan between Battambang and Bangkok (with Ox Carts) Henri Mouhot 1856-60 (1864)

  11. Ricefields near Battambang !! Ricefields at Battambang Photo: Darryl Collins (2001)

  12. Battambang before colonial occupations (pre-1907) (intemporality, multicultural, Buddhist religion, King) !"

  13. Battambang (pre-1907) !" )./1@2 Battambang under Thai occupation (1907) Graphics: ARK Research (2002) Battambang during the time of the Lord Governor, TauchChhuong (1974)

  14. Kamphaeng, Battambang (c.1834) • Constructed c. 1834 by the Siamese • Thick brick walls approximately 900 x 400m (Aymonier, 1901) or 720 x 480m (TauchChhuong) • River view that inclues houses, river-craft and water buffalo. !" View of Battambang, with the Kamphaeng Henri Mouhot 1858-60 (1864)

  15. Gate of the Kamphaeng and Stupa Photo graph and sketch Gate (TauchChhuong) Stupa of WatKamphaeng (TauchChhuong) !" Stupa Photo Darryl Collins (2001)

  16. Lord Governor’s Residence, Battambang (1905) !Lord Governor’s Residence Photo: Darryl Collins (2001) !Lord Governor’s Residence (1920s-30s) Courtesy: CCF, Battambang !"

  17. Rural house in the vicinity of Battambang (1924) !" Cambodian rural dwelling near Battambang (1924)

  18. Traditional Wooden Housing ! !-,*12'(0*3',.(04*/&5),*'6* -'./, !"

  19. Chinese Temple, Battambang • Entrance doorway to Chinese Temple, Battambang • Centrally located in city on riverfront street facing east !"#$%&%'(%)*+% !" ;"6/6<'=.338+'!6++#$&'>?@@AB

  20. WatDamreiSar !" WatDamreiSar (2002) !WatDamreiSar (1924)

  21. WatDamreiSar Interior !"

  22. WatDamreiSar South East Library

  23. WatPhiphit !" 2000 North-East Library (1924)

  24. WatSangker(1924) !"#$%"&'()*$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$+,-#-.$/01$234$526789$ !"

  25. HM King Sisowath (1840-1927) • Photographed in formal attire on his coronation day • 23 April 1906 • Reigned 1904 - 1927 !" !"#$%&'#(%)*+,-.#/053E8 G*H:-<)BI#JDG

  26. Monument: Retrocession of Siem Reap, Sisophon&Battambang at Wat Phnom , Phnom Penh • Comissioned by J.B.P Beau,Govenor General of Indochina • 1907 to commemorate the Franco-Siamese Treaty 1907 • Inauguration at Wat Phnom 1909 • Sculptor, Theodore Riviere • HM King Sisowath (1840-1927) )))!"#$%&#'3):4#"%):&#4)PDEFET))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))));"$+'&-=()UV; !"

  27. First French Colonial Plan (1907) (Temporality, military power, commerce) !"

  28. Battambang (1907) !" Map of Battambang

  29. French Colonial Plan (1907) !" Plan of Battambang after the Retrocession to the French (1907) ARK Research (2002)

  30. Colonial Road Bridge, Battambang (1916) Original road access to the city of Battambang Immediately in front of the ex-Lord Governor’s Residence !" Bridge over the Sangker River Photo: Darryl Collins (2002)

  31. Colonial Foot Bridge, Battambang (1916) Colonial metal footbridge across the Sangker River Photo: Helen Grant Ross (2001) !"

  32. Old Chinese Residence, Battambang Partially ruined Chinese residence (probably pre-1907) !" An example of the wealthier Chinese Residence (1924)

  33. Typical Chinese Shophouse development Riverfront shophouse development Street and rear access alley

  34. Colonial Chinese Shophouses !" Riverhouseshophouse facades (2001) Shophouse facades (2001)

  35. Colonial Street Corners Corner Chinese shophouses Photo: Darryl Collins (2001) Corner French Offices Photo: Darryl Collins (2001) !"

  36. Colonial Villa, Battambang !" Khmer influenced villa, riverfront Photo: Darryl Collins (2001)

  37. Battambang (1918) !" Map of Battambang

  38. Aerial view, Battambang (1920s-30s) • Riverfront (west to east bank) • Areal view showing: • Chinese shophouses • Colonial footbridge (1916) • Reutilisation of the Kamphaeng (foreground) ''' Battambang (1920s-1930s)

  39. Motoring in the environs of Battambang !" Luxuriant vegetation and dirt road (1924)

  40. Second French Colonial Plan (1926) Indochina !"

  41. The advent of the railway (1926) !"

  42. Battambang Market (1930s) • Located in the same area as the original market • Constructed by SocieteIndochinoised’Etude et de Construction (S.I.D.E.C) based in Saigon • This company also built PsahThemi, the ‘New Market’ (1935-37) in Phnom Penh and Cholon Market (1929) in Saigon !"

  43. Aerial view of the Battambang Market Aerial view from the east overlooking the market area (1960s)

  44. Aerial view of Battambang Area view of the city 1960

  45. Battambang after Independence Post independence 1953 -1970 (SangkumReastrNiyum) !"

  46. Battambang (1970) ARK Research 2002 !"

  47. BekChan - Battambang Airport !" Inaugurated 29 October 1968

  48. Royal University of Battambang • Designed by engineer UngKrapumPhka • Inaugurated 31 October 1968 • Original functioned as an Agricultural & Mining Technical University • Now functions as a branch of the National Institute of Mangement • Photo: Helen Grant Ross (2001) !"

  49. Royal University of Battambang !" Site Plan Graphics: ARK research 2001 Front steps, Entrance Photo: Helen Grant Ross (2001)

  50. Royal University of Battambang !" Claustra screen west section of university Photo: Helen Grant Ross (2001) Corridor leading to classrooms Photo: Helen Grant Ross (2001)

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