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Understanding Matter: Mixtures, Elements, Compounds

Explore the classification of matter into mixtures and pure substances, including the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. Learn about solutions, solubility, alloys, and the basics of elements, compounds, and molecules.

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Understanding Matter: Mixtures, Elements, Compounds

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  1. Chapter 4- Mixtures, Elements and Compounds Classification of Matter

  2. Is phase a good way to classify matter? • Since water has 3 phases, it would be classified as 3 different things. Must be a better method.

  3. Matter • Can be divided into mixtures and pure substances. A pure substance is made of one kind of material having definite properties. • Guess which is a mixture and which is a pure substance? • Water, salt, sea water, concrete, alphabet soup, air, soup, coffee, oxygen.

  4. Mixture – Matter that consists of 2 or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined. Both of these are mixtures

  5. Two Types of Mixtures • Heterogeneous – A mixture that does not appear to be the same throughout. The “least-mixed of mixtures”. • Examples: • Homogeneous – A mixture that appears to be the same throughout. A “well-mixed mixture”. • Examples:

  6. Solutions- a type of homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances in a single physical state. • The “best mixed” of all mixtures.

  7. Solutions

  8. Two solutions of food coloring in water • One hot water, one cold water.

  9. Many types of solutions

  10. Solubility • Temperature affects solubility. • Does hot water increase or decrease solubility of sugar? • Does hot water increase or decrease solubility of oxygen?

  11. Need to know! • Alloy – solution of 2 or more metals • Solute – Substance that is dissolved • Solvent – Substance that does the dissolving • Insoluble – Does not dissolve in a particular solvent

  12. Classification of Matter

  13. Pure Substance • Same properties throughout • Made of only one kind of material • All particles are the same

  14. Elements • Simplest type of pure substance • Each element is associated with an atom • Smallest part of an element that has the properties of the element is an atom

  15. Chemical Symbols • Either an upper case letter or • One upper case and one lower case letter • (Exception – un-named elements • E.g., Uuq, Uus)

  16. Compounds • Pure substances made of more than one element • Properties of elements that make up a compound are different from the compound itself

  17. Molecule • Two or more atoms bonded together • Example – water • H2O

  18. Chemical formulassubscripts • CO2 • H2SO4 • H2O2 • C6H12O6

  19. Chemical formulasCoefficients- count the atoms • 3 CO2 • 4 H2SO4 • 2 H2O2 • 5 C6H12O6

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