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An introduction to the Logical Framework Approach (LFA)

Learn the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) for clear program planning, goal setting, and risk assessment. Understand the 7 key questions and logic of frameworks in project management.

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An introduction to the Logical Framework Approach (LFA)

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  1. An introduction to the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) December 2006 NFPCSP Dhaka Lesson Learning and Feedback

  2. Logical Framework A simple tool for: • Organizing thinking • Communicating concisely and unambiguously More specifically: • Setting Objectives • Highlighting logical relationship between program/project activities, output and objectives • Risks and assumptions related to each level • Establishing criteria for Monitoring and Evaluations

  3. Project planning:The 7 Key questions • Who are “we”? – Who has an interest? Who should be involved? • Where are we now? – What are the problems? What are the possibilities? • Where do we want to be? • How will we get there? • What may stop us getting there? – And what can we do to get around these obstacles? • How will we know if we’ve got there? - How will we monitor and evaluate? • What do we need to get there? – What detailed activities and resources are needed? Here There

  4. Logical frameworks –4 by 4 matrix Impact/Goal Objective(s)/ Outcome(s) Outputs Activities

  5. The Hierarchy Impact/Goal (The greater Why) Objective(s)/Outcome(s) (Why) Outputs (What) Outputs (What) Activities (How) Activities (How) Activities (How)

  6. The logic of the Framework Impact/Goal Then Contribute Objective(s)/ Outcome(s) If Then Achieve If Outputs Then Deliver If Activities

  7. Example from NFPCSP’s logframe To ensure a dependable sustained food security for all people of the country at all time (Development goal) Then Contribute To enhance Bangladesh’s capacity to implement a comprehensive, equitable, gender-sensitive and pro-poor National Food Policy and Action Plan. (Project goal) If Then Contribute Increased capacity in the FPMU to perform its National Food Policy related functions. (Objective 1.a) If Then Achieve Fully staffed and adequately equipped FPMU (Output 1.a.1) Trained policy analysts in FPMU (Output 1.a.2) and If Deliver Then Train FPMU officers to Ph.D. and Masters level Train all FPMU policy analysts in food policy –related analysis through on-site and short term training abroad. Establish /maintain adequate physical infrastructure for FMPU Establish effective internal and external food security knowledge sharing systems If Activities

  8. What may stop us getting from here to there? What can stop us contributing to this Impact? Impact/Goal Contribute Then Objective(s)/ Outcome(s) What can stop us achieving this Objective? If Then Achieve What can stop us delivering these Outputs? If Outputs Then Deliver What can stop us in doing these Activities? If Activities

  9. The IF AND THEN logic again Objectives Assumptions Impact/ Goal Objective(s)/ Outcome(s) Outputs Activities

  10. Example from NFPCSP’s logframe Objectives Assumptions Objective 1.a: Increased capacity in the FPMU to perform its National Food Policy related functions. • Limited turnover among FMPU core staff • Adequate incentive structures in place for retaining trained experts in FPMU Output 1.a.1: Fully staffed and adequately equipped FPMU Output 1.a.2: Trained policy analysts in FPMU • Qualified and eager to learn candidates for ST and LT training can be identified and released from duties while being trained; • Cost-effective and needs-tailored training opportunities have been identified; • Sufficient technical and financial resources available to cover completion of formal training abroad activities. • Establish /maintain adequate physical infrastructure for FMPU • Train FPMU officers to Ph.D. and Masters level • Train all FPMU policy analysts in food policy –related analysis through on-site and short term training abroad. • Establish effective internal and external food security knowledge sharing systems

  11. Continued at outcome level Objectives Assumptions • Development Goal: To ensure a dependable sustained food security for all people of the country at all time (see NFP 2006) • Government commitment on continuation of implementation of the National Food Policy, especially after the election 2007. • No major food crises due to national disasters and other shocks • Adequate level of resources to implement food security strategies as stated in NFP and under other food-security related strategic policy frameworks (NAP, PRSP etc…) • Effective coordination among donors in the area of food security • Project Goal: To enhance Bangladesh’s capacity to implement a comprehensive, equitable, gender-sensitive and pro-poor National Food Policy and Action Plan. • Continued government commitment to implement gender-sensitive food security/poverty reduction policies. • Commitment of responsible actors to align with NFP objectives and coordinate actions • Continued government responsiveness to quality analysis in selecting and implementing policies and programs. • Availability of adequate financial resources and administrative capacities

  12. How will we know if we’ve got there? – and how to verify it? Impact/Goal We are here Objective(s)/ Outcome(s) Outputs Activities

  13. Indicators • Tell us how we will recognize success • Force us to clarify what we mean by our objectives • Provide a basis for Monitoring, Review and Evaluation The best indicators are: Valid Specific Reliable Cost effective Relevant Timely Sensitive to change

  14. Identifying indicators A helpful way of setting indicators is to use the maxim QQT – Quantity, Quality and Time. Step 1: Set the basic indicator Step 2: Add Quantity – an amount or percentage that will be achieved Step 3: Add Quality – a built-in measure to specify the indicator Step 4: Add Time – When this should be accomplished by

  15. An example of QQT Step 1: Trained FPMU officers Step 2 (Quantity): 6FPMU officers trained Step 3 (Quality): 6 FPMU officers trained to Masters level Step 4 (Time): 6 FPMU officers trained to Masters level by the end of 2010

  16. Means of Verification/Data Sources Some useful questions: What evidence do we need? Where will the evidence be located? How do we get it? • Available from existing sources? • Is special data gathering required? Who is going to collect it? How often and when? etc.

  17. Example from NFPCSP’s logframe • Indicator: 6 FPMU officers trained to Masters level • Mean of verification: University degrees and certificates

  18. More information on logframes • AsDB (2006) Guidelines for Preparing a Design and Monitoring Framework (www.adb.org/Documents/guidelines/guidelines-preparing-dmf/guidelines-preparing-dmf.pdf) • DFID (2002) Tools for Development. (www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/toolsfordevelopment.pdf) • Ausaid Guides (www.ausaid.gov.au/ausguide/default.cfm) • Europe Aid (http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/qsm/project_en.htm) (http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/qsm/documents/pcm_manual_2004_en.pdf) • Material from NFPCSP’s training course number 4

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