Group # 1 Will Meet Tonight After Services

1. Group # 1 Will Meet Tonight After Services

2. Gospel Meeting March 14-17, 2019 Do We Believe the Genesis Account? Thurs 7:00 PM – Starting at the Very Beginning (Gen. 1) Fri 7:00 PM – Paradise Gained, Paradise Lost Sat 7:00 PM – The Water that Washed the World Sun 9:00 AM – Can We Really Believe the Biblical Record? Sun 9:50 AM – Theistic Evolution (part 1) Sun 5:30 PM – Theistic Evolution (part 2) El Bethel Church of Christ 1801 Highway 41-A North ♦ Shelbyville, TN 37160 www.elbethelchurchofchrist.com Rick Duggin Knoxville, TN

3. Quiet Please! Let us Prepare For Worship

5. Worldliness • Worldliness has always been a problem for God’s people • OT (Num. 11:4; Deut. 7) • NT (1 Cor. 5; 1 Jno. 2:15-17) • Battle the problem: • As a church – deal with those given to worldly ways • As an individual – battle with the temptations, etc.

6. How Do We Know About Worldliness? A Series Understanding Worldliness What Not to Say? Dancing is Wrong? Social Drinking is a Sin? What Clothing is Immodest? The Dangers of Fornication?

7. How Do We Determine? • Accept that there is an Objective Standard • If everyone decides for self what is right – then the standard is subjective • The Scriptures are an objective standard (2 Tim. 3:16-17) • To violate the standard is sin (1 John 3:4)

8. How Do We Determine? • Accept that there is an Objective Standard • Verify What You Hear • Don’t accept any teaching – because preacher, elders, or parents say it is so • Don’t be gullible (2 Tim. 3:6) • Check all you hear by the standard (Acts 17:11)

9. How Do We Determine? • Accept that there is an Objective Standard • Verify What You Hear • Accept What is Verified as Word of God • If what is taught is true – then it is the word of God! • Must accept it for what it is (2 Thess. 2:13) • Our like or dislike of the message or messenger – doesn’t change that fact!

10. How Do We Know Social Drinking Is a Sin? Drinking is a Problem Nearly As Old As Man • Noah got drunk (Gen. 9:20-ff) • Lot got drunk (Gen. 19:30-38) We all know that drunkenness is a sin But, what about social drinking – in moderation? “Responsible drinking”? Occasional beer or wine?

11. Alcohol Use in the United States: Prevalence of Drinking: According to the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 86.4 percent of people ages 18 or older reported that they drank alcohol at some point in their lifetime; 70.1 percent reported that they drank in the past year; 56.0 percent reported that they drank in the past month.1

12. Underage Drinking: • Prevalence of Underage Alcohol Use: • Prevalence of Drinking: According to the 2015 NSDUH, 33.1 percent of 15-year-olds report that they have had at least 1 drink in their lives.17 About 7.7 million people ages 12–2018 (20.3 percent of this age group19) reported drinking alcohol in the past month (19.8 percent of males and 20.8 percent of females19).

13. Alcohol and College Students: • Prevalence of Alcohol Use: • Prevalence of Drinking: According to the 2015 NSDUH, 58.0 percent of full-time college students ages 18–22 drank alcohol in the past month compared with 48.2 percent of other persons of the same age.21

14. The Point Social Drinking Is A Sinful Act Drinking in moderation – Not excessive

15. How Do We Know Social Drinking is a Sin? • It Is Drunkenness

16. It Is Drunkenness • Bible Condemns Drunkenness • Eph. 5:18 • Gal. 5:19-21; 1 Cor. 6:9-11 • Social Drinking Is Drunkenness • “Drunk” – “to make drunk, or to grow drunk” (an inceptive verb, marking the process or the state expressed in No. 1), “to become intoxicated,” (Vines) • Contrast: 1 Thess. 5:6-9

17. 1 Thess 5:6-9 6 Therefore let us not sleep, as others do, but let us watch and be sober. 7 For those who sleep, sleep at night, and those who get drunk are drunk at night. 8 But let us who are of the day be sober, putting on the breastplate of faith and love, and as a helmet the hope of salvation. 9 For God did not appoint us to wrath, but to obtain salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ, Sober: “to be free from the influence of intoxicants” (Vine’s)

18. How Do We Know Social Drinking is a Sin? • It Is Drunkenness • It Is Strong Drink

19. It Is Strong Drink • Strong Drink Is Condemned • Prov. 20:1 • Luke 1:15 • Drinks Today Are Strong – By Comparison • Palestine wines: 5 % - 8 % • Distilled – 45 % - 50 % • Malt – 4 % - 6 %, 10 % • Wines – 10 % - 14 %

20. Bible Wines “In ancient times wine was usually stored in large pointed jugs called amphorae. When wine was to be used it was poured from the amphora into large bowls called kraters, where it was mixed with water... What is important for us to note is that before wine was drank it was mixed with water.” -- Robert Stein. Wine-Drinking In New Testament Times. Christianity Today, June 20, 1975. Pages 9-11.

21. Bible Wines “Mixed wine is often spoken of in Scripture. This was of different kinds. Sometimes it was mixed with water to take it down (Isa 1:22); sometimes with milk (Song 5:1); and sometimes, by lovers of strong drink, with spices of various kinds, to give it a richer flavor and greater potency (Isa 5:22; Ps 75:8).” -- McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia

22. Bible Wines “When speaking of the ordinary drinking beverage, a writer simply said ‘wine’, for it was taken for granted that it was mixed water and wine. Only special circumstances was information given on the mixture” -- Everett Ferguson. Wine As A Table-Drink In The Ancient World. Restoration Quarterly, 1970. Pages 141-153.

23. Bible Wines The proportion of water was large, only one-third or one-fourth of the total mixture being wine.” ISBE

24. Bible Wines “Drinking wine unmixed... Was looked upon as a ‘Scythian’ or barbarian custom.” -- Robert Stein. Wine-Drinking In New Testament Times. Christianity Today, June 20, 1975. Pages 9-11.

25. Ancient Sources This Ratio of Water to Wine Seemed To Vary. 3-1 Hesiod 4-1 Alexis 2-1 Diocles 20-1 Homer 8-1 Pliny

26. Today’s Drinks are Strong by Comparison

27. How Do We Know Social Drinking is a Sin? • It Is Drunkenness • It Is Strong Drink • It Is Harmful

28. It Is Harmful • Harms The Body • Alcohol is poison • Narcotic – Drug • Damage to the Brain • Sinful To Harm The Body • 1 Cor. 6:19-20 • Steward to take care of the Body belongs to God.

29. How Do We Know Social Drinking is a Sin? • It Is Drunkenness • It Is Strong Drink • It Is Harmful • Drinking Is Condemned

30. Drinking Is Condemned • 1 Pet. 4:3 “For we have spent enough of our past lifetime in doing the will of the Gentiles—when we walked in lewdness, lusts, drunkenness, revelries, drinking parties, and abominable idolatries.”

31. Drinking Is Condemned • 1 Pet. 4:3 • “Banqueting” (KJV) “drinking parties” (NKJV) “drinkings” (Darby) • “The drinking bout, the banquet,… not of necessity excessive.” (R. C. Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament 225) • Potos (4224): “from the alt. of 4095; a drinking-bout or carousal: - banqueting.” [4095: pino – to imbibe – drink] –Strong’s

32. NET “drinking bouts” tn = translators note • NET tn “According to BDAG 857 s.v.πότος the term refers to a social gathering at which wine is served, hence “drinking parties” (cf. TEV, NASB). However, the collocation with the other terms in v. 4 suggests something less sophisticated and more along the lines of wild and frenzied drinking bouts.” • Biblical Studies Press. (2005).

33. BDAG • “a social gathering at which wine was served, drinking party” • Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., Bauer, W., & Gingrich, F. W. (2000). A Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature (3rd ed., p. 857). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

34. A. T. Robertson • Carousings (ποτοις [potois]). Old word for drinking carousal (from πινω [pinō], to drink), here only in the N. T. In the light of these words it seems strange to find modern Christians justifying their “personal liberty” to drink and carouse, to say nothing of the prohibition law. • Robertson, A. T. (1933). Word Pictures in the New Testament (1 Pe 4:3). Nashville, TN: Broadman Press.

35. Arichea & Nida • Drunkenness may be rendered as “frequently getting drunk” or “constantly drinking too much,” but in this type of context, a term for “drinking” must indicate the drinking of intoxicating liquors. • . • Arichea, D. C., & Nida, E. A. (1980). A handbook on the first letter from Peter (p. 130). New York: United Bible Societies.

36. Drinking Is Condemned • 1 Pet. 4:3 • 1 Pet. 5:8 • “Sober” • “Free from influence of intoxicants” (Vines) • Means to abstain ( Strong’s ; Donnagan’s Lexicon)

37. How Do We Know Social Drinking is a Sin? • It Is Drunkenness • It Is Strong Drink • It Is Harmful • Drinking Is Condemned • Influences Others

38. Influences Others • Moderate Social Drinking • Major cause of recruiting new drinkers • Not the drunk, alcoholic. • Matthew 18:6-7

39. How Do We Know Social Drinking is a Sin? • It Is Drunkenness • It Is Strong Drink • It Is Harmful • Drinking Is Condemned • Influences Others • Arguments Made To Justify

40. Arguments Made To Justify • John 2:1-11– Water into Wine • No evidence fermented

41. “Wine” (Greek: Oinos) Fermented (Alcohol Content) Eph. 5:18 “drunk with wine” Unfermented (No Alcohol Content) Matt. 9:17 Mark 2:22 “new wine in new bottles”

42. “Wine” (Hebrew: tirosh) Thus says the LORD: "As the new wine is found in the cluster, And one says, 'Do not destroy it, For a blessing is in it,' So will I do for My servants' sake, That I may not destroy them all. (Isa. 65:8)

43. Arguments Made To Justify • John 2:1-11 – Water into Wine • No evidence fermented • If justifies social drinking – justifies excessive • 1 Timothy 5:23 – Drink A Little Wine • Wine - does not have to be fermented • For Medical purposes • 1 Timothy 3:8 – Not Given To Much Wine • Assumes can have a little • Forbidding excess does not justify less

44. Ancients had no way to prevent fermentation • Actually were four methods • Filtration (Pliny the Elder, Plutarch & Babylonian Talmud) • Boiling (Aristotle, Mishnah) • Dilution (Pliny, Plato,& Homer) • Storage (Cato the Elder (234 BC – 149 BC) claimed that “must” stored in an amphora coated with pitch and stored thirty days in a water tank could be removed and kept as “must” for the whole year (Cato, De Re Rustica 120) • Kyle Pope (ECI Conference, 2015) • William Patton, Bible Wines

45. Ancients had no way to prevent fermentation • Actually were four methods • Kyle Pope’s Experiment • “..what I did was hand squeeze 11 ½ pounds of black grapes and test two of the common methods the ancients talked about: Filtering and boiling. • In May of the same year produced six test samples from the grapes I hand squeezed. • The first was pure grape juice. • The second was juice filtered through a muslin cloth. • The third was juice filtered and brought to a boil. • The remaining samples were juice filtered, boiled, and reduced to 1/3, 1/5, and 1/10 of their original volume. • Kyle Pope (ECI Conference, 2015)

46. Test Results: These samples were stored in my office under temperatures that could easily have been reproduced in Bible lands. The first testing was done at West Texas A & M University in Canyon Texas with the help of Dr. Pat Goguen (a deacon at Olsen Park at the time who holds a PhD in Chemistry) and a professor at the university. The final testing was done some months later with the help of Pat Goguen, with equipment supplied by Eddie Prock (a science teacher at a neighboring congregation in Amarillo). • Kyle Pope (ECI Conference, 2015)

47. How Do We Know Social Drinking is a Sin? • It Is Drunkenness • It Is Strong Drink • It Is Harmful • Drinking Is Condemned • Influences Others • Arguments Made To Justify