Male & Female Reproductive System

1. Male & Female Reproductive System

2. Female Male Scrotum Testicle Sperm Epididymis Vas Deferens Seminal Vesicles Prostate Gland Cowper Gland Ejaculation Semen Seminal Fluid Urethra Urinary Bladder Penis • Mons Pubis • Labia • Urethra • Perineum • Vagina • Cervix • Uterus • Endometrium • Fallopian tubes • Ovaries • Ovum

3. A five year old girl asked the question that every parent dreads, “Mommy, how are babies made?” The mom did her best to explain, but the daughter still looked confused. “But what about kittens?” she asked. “Well, it is exactly the same way.” I said. “Wow!” she said excitedly, “My Daddy can do anything!”

4. FERTILIZATION / Conception • The end purpose for the ova and the sperm • When the sperm penetrates the surface of the ova and enters inside. • The 23 chromosomes from each sex cell combine and begin to multiply to begin to form a new human being!!!

5. Conception Conception occurs when one sperm penetrates an egg wall – fertilization Ovum remains a living cell only about 24 hours – then it begins to deteriorate Sperm can survive 36-72 hours in the uterus and fallopian tubes. Millions of sperm in the semen fluid enter the vagina. Hundred make it to the fallopian tubes to meet the egg. Sperm = Fish Semen = River

6. The egg and the sperm each contain 23chromosomes. Sperm determine if the baby will be a boy or a girl: XX = girl XY = boy *Sperm X=girl and Y=boy *Egg = X or X chromosome = girl Together the fertilized egg contains the 46 chromosomes needed to produce a human being

7. Fertilization normally occurs in the fallopian tube. • The newly formed cell begins to divide and is referred to as a Zygote. • Zygote continues through the fallopian tube and enters the uterus. • If the zygote attaches to the inside of the fallopian tube it is known as an Ectopic or tubal pregnancy – . • Zygote bounces around on the uterine wall until it finds an appropriate area to implant itself and begins to form: **Placenta **Umbilical Cord **Amniotic Sac **Embryo • Complex process – if any part of this process goes wrong, the progression will cease and expulsion will occur: **Late Period **Miscarriage

8. Menstrual Cycle“Monthly Flow” Usually begins at about 12 or 13 and continues until about 50. Menstrual cycle can be affected by illness, emotional upset, change in physical environment, etc. (roommates) Most cycles are about 28 days, may vary from 17-35 days and still be regular. Not uncommon for girls prior to pregnancy to be irregular and some women remain irregular through reproductive years.

9. Menstrual Cycle“Monthly Flow” Average length of flow is 4 - 6 days. Day the flow begins is counted as day #1. If ovum (egg) is not fertilized then the lining of the uterus is discarded. This creates the flow of blood and tissue from the uterus through the vagina.

10. Ovulation Doctor’s Wheel • Ovulation occurs about 14 days before the next menstruation period. This is true even in irregular cycles. • Most women are not aware of ovulation. • May create a little discomfort on side where the ovary is ovulating (each ovary every other month) • Basal body temperature will drop 0.2° F – 0.4°F about the time of ovulation.

11. The Menstrual Cycle During Menstruation Days 1-5 Menstruation occurs and the lining of the uterus, with a small amount of blood, leaves the body. At this time, another egg is maturing in the ovary.

12. The Menstrual Cycle After Menstruation Days 6-15 The lining of the uterus repairs itself and once again prepares for a fertilized egg. Around days 13-15 an egg is released from an ovary. This is called OVULATION

13. Before Menstruation Days 16-28 If the egg is fertilized by the male sperm cell, it embeds itself in the wall of the uterus (endometrium lining). If the egg is not fertilized, the blood vessels in the wall of the uterus shrinks and breaks down. The menstruation cycle begins again.

15. Menstrual Cycle Day 1 – Menstruation begins (bleeding) Day 1-5 – Bleeding Continues Day 6-9 - Ovum is maturing and endometrium lining is thin Day 10 – 14 - Endometrium lining thickens and hormones rise. Around Day 14 – Ovum bursts out of the ovary Day 15 – After 24 hours the egg is done Day 15-28 – Egg travels down to thickened lining and either is implanted or it dissolves Day 26 – In the absence of fertilization, hormone levels drop and the endometrium lining breaks down Day 28 – Menstruation prepares to begin again.

16. Related Menstrual Terms • Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FHS): a substance which brings to life a few of the ovum in one of the ovaries. • Luteinizing Hormone (LH): causes the follicle to burst, and allows ovum to fall into the opening of the fallopian tube. • Ova –plural, Ovum—singular: the female reproductive cell. • Ovaries: organs holding a woman’s eggs. • Estrogen: the hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics and for the sex drive in females. The “egg producing” hormone. • Progesterone: builds up the lining of the uterus to prepare it for the fertilized ovum.; the “egg-setting” hormone. • Ovulation: time when the egg is released from the ovary.

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18. Male Anatomy

20. Male

21. Male

22. Male

23. Male

24. Male

25. Male

26. Male

27. Male

28. Male

29. Male

30. Male Reproductive Organs

31. Male Reproductive Organs

32. Male Reproductive Organs

33. Male Reproductive Organs

34. Male Reproductive Organs

35. Male Reproductive Organs

36. Male Reproductive Organs

37. Male Reproductive Organs

38. Male Reproductive Organs

39. Male Reproductive Organs

40. 7. Scrotum A sac-like pouch located behind the penis that holds each testes and helps regulate temperature for sperm production.

41. 6. Testicles or Testis The two testes are small organs that lie in the scrotum and produce sperm and the male hormone testosterone. The testicles are the male sex gland. The testicles are outside the body because the male sperm that is manufactured in the testes need cooler-than-body temperature for normal growth and development. They are the counterpart to the female ovary. Loss of one does not impair the function of the other. Four to five billion sperm cells are produced each month.

42. Testosterone The male reproductive hormone made by the testicles which causes the changes of puberty. This hormone causes secondary sex characteristics, production of sperm and sexual urge. It is produced in the testicles and enters the bloodstream at a fairly constant rate.

43. Sperm The microscopic cells produced by the male's testicles which can fertilize the female's ovum. They are tiny, living cells 100 times smaller than a pencil dot. (the smallest cell in a mans body Enough sperm would fit on the head of a pin to re-populate the earth if each sperm fertilized an egg. It is destroyed by warm body temperature, acidic environment. It can survive in a women’s body for 5-8 days. Any sperm not ejaculated are passed in the urine.

44. A sperm is a tiny package with a big responsibility – to fertilize the egg and create a human life. So that tiny package is loaded with “gear” for its important journey. A few facts: Daily sperm production by a healthy man: 10 million to 50 million Contents of average ejaculation: 50 million sperm; 25 million moving; 20 million deformed Maturation: 72 hours Average swimming speed of a sperm: 8 inches per hour Swimming for your life

45. 9. Epididymis The structure that forms a mass over the back and upper part of each testes. Sperm are stored there for as long as six weeks while they ripen to maturity.

46. 1. Cowpers Gland Two small pea-sized glands located beneath the prostate gland on both sides of the base of the penis. They secrete a clear, sticky fluid that helps to neutralize the acidity of the urethra.

47. 8. Vas Deferens two long, thin tubes that serve as a passageway for sperm and a place for sperm storage. The contraction of the vas deferens along with the action of the cilia help transport the sperm through the vas deferens.

48. 3. Seminal Vesicles two small glands that secrete a fluid that nourishes and enables the sperm to move.

49. 2. Prostate Gland surround the urethra beneath the bladder. The gland secretes an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acid found in the male urethra and the female reproductive tract. Without the action of the secretions of the prostate gland, many sperm would die and fertilization of an ovum would be impossible.

50. 5. Urethra A dual purpose tube that both semen and urine pass through to leave the body. Semen and urine never mix. Special muscles or sphincters surround the urethra. During urination, one sphincter will relax so that the pressure from the bladder will push urine out from the body. During ejaculation, another sphincter will relax so that semen can flow through the urethra to the outside of the body.