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Five English Documents

Five English Documents. Our American Government was influenced by English politics. Specifically the English Monarchy and the British Parliament. Here are 5 Documents that shaped England and in turn shaped the foundations of the American government. Magna Carta - 1215.

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Five English Documents

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  1. Five English Documents

  2. Our American Government was influenced by English politics. Specifically the English Monarchy and the British Parliament. • Here are 5 Documents that shaped England and in turn shaped the foundations of the American government

  3. Magna Carta - 1215 • Great Charter – King John • Began the ideal of limited government • No arbitrary imprisonment – led to our “due process of law” • Could not raise taxes without the agreement of the Great Council of Lords and Clergy. (or Elders) • Nobles had certain rights – that would be eventually extended to all citizens • The Monarch must obey the law – RULE OF LAW

  4. Great Council of Elders later became Parliamentwhich comes from parlermeaning to talk • Later another body was added - the “Commons” including knights and townspeople

  5. The English “Great Council” will be come Parliament, a representative body that makes laws. They have the House of Lords and the House of Commons. What is are the 2 names of the US’s representative body that makes laws? ___________ Branch _________________ What are the two houses called? The ______ and the ______ of __________

  6. The Magna Carta started the idea of a ____________ ____________________. Who had to obey the law, just like everyone else? _____________________________

  7. PETITION OF RIGHTS 1628 • No taxes may be levied (charged) without consent of Parliament (Commons) • No subject may be imprisoned without cause .. • No quartering of soldiers. (Placing soldiers in peoples homes) • Martial law (Military law) may not be used in time of peace

  8. What 4 things did the Petition of Rights state cannot be done? 1. 2. 3. 4.

  9. Petition of Rights… • Parliament forced Charles I to sign The Petition of Rights… • He later broke it and this led to English Civil War.

  10. King Charles will fight Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell’s forces will win. King Charles is put on trial for treason, found guilty and beheaded. Cromwell will rule England as a “common man”. When he dies England will look for a royal to replace him. They will put King Charles’ son on the throne- he is also called Charles, King Charles II. King Charles II dies without children so his brother King James II take the throne- big problems- he “abdicates or resigns”. England needs a Monarch who is Protestant/Anglican faith. They find Mary, the daughter of James II. She is married to William. Parliament asks William and Mary if they would be King and Queen of England, they agree. They technically “invade” and conquer” England. This is called the “Glorious Revolution”. No one was hurt, no blood was spilled. William and Mary must agree to and sign the ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS, and they do. .

  11. Habeas Corpus Act (1678) • Required the government to have a court trial for anyone arrested • Must know exactly what he or she is being accused of. • If there is not enough evidence to prove the person's guilt, he or she is to be set free. • Passed during the reign of Charles II

  12. English Bill of Rights - 1689 • Ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy • A monarch could not interfere with Parliament • Established trial by jury and abolished excessive fines and cruel or unjust punishments

  13. Presentation of English Bill of Rights and the Coronation of William and Mary

  14. Bringing the English Documents together to help understand early American Government The Magna Carta and the Partition of Rights both state that taxes cannot be created or raised with out the consent of the representatives in Parliament... This is very important. Since colonist had no “representatives” in Parliament, taxing the colonist was against British laws. This idea will become an important phrase in the American Revolution. “No taxation without representation” When Britain put British soldiers in colonists homes (Quartering) to enforce the collection of taxes (Martial Law in peacetime), that was also against British law. These and other issues- and others- will be the basis for declaring our independence from a tyrannical government

  15. Toleration Act of 1689 Granted religious freedom to Puritans, Quakers, and others but not to Catholics

  16. Test on Friday • Types of Government • Enlightened Philosophers • English Documents

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