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Phylogenetic Reconstructions of Diptera

Explore Diptera subgroups Brachycera & Nematocera to determine if they are monophyletic. Previous literature on Diptera relationships using mitochondrial DNA sequences. Study findings compared using NJ tree and MP method. Investigate evolution of mitochondrial genome in Brachycera species. Review on classification errors in Diptera systematics. Research questions on monophyly and relationships between Nematocera and Brachycera. Works cited references key papers on Diptera phylogeny.

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Phylogenetic Reconstructions of Diptera

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  1. Phylogenetic Reconstructions of Diptera • a bioinformatics project on • by Corey Hryc

  2. my taxa • The following taxa will be studied an compared to other species to determine if they are monophyletic • Brachycera (suborder of Diptera (fly), a type of insect) • example - horse fly • Nematocera (suborder of Diptera (fly), a type of insect) • example - mosquito

  3. Phylogenetic Views • Doing a general taxonomy NCBI search produces the following results. • Diptera can be divided into two subgroups • Brachycera • Nematocera

  4. Previous Literature • Analysis of Bernasconi’s paper on relationships of Diptera based on Mitochondrial DNA sequences • Mitochondrial DNA is a good molecular marker in wide range of taxa. • At a high taxa level there is a seperation between Nematocera and Brachycera. • Used rooted NJ tree, bootstrap values for 1000 replicates. Also used MP method to reconstruct trees. • Mega used to align sequences

  5. Previous Literature II • Oliveira’s paper discusses the evolution of the mitochondrial genome • Studied Haematobia irritans which has similar organization and stucture to Brachycera • mtDNA gene order of Brachycera differs from that of Nematocera by the inversion of trnS. • Condensed NJ tree, 5000 bootstrap replicates

  6. Previous Literature III • Yeates’ paper Congruence and Controversy discusses mistakes that previous literature has made when classifying Diptera • Diptera is species-rich and has diverse clades • Claims Nematocera (lower diptera) is paraphyletic with brachycera • Brachycera are undoubtedly monophyletic but relationships between basal lineages of this group are poorly understood. Recent hypothesis of relationships of lower Diptera (Nematocera).

  7. Questions to Research • Are Nematocera monophyletic (no previous studies have stated this)? • How do other spices relate to the two taxa? • Are the two taxa paraphyletic with respect to eachother?

  8. Works cited • Bernasconi MV, Valsangiacomo C, Piffaretti J.-C., and Ward PI. "Phylogenetic relationships among Muscodiea (Diptera: Calyptratae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences." Insect Molecular Biology 9.1 (2000): 67-74. • Olivera MT, Barau JG, Martins Junqueria AC, et al. "Structure and evolution of the mitochondrial genomes of Haematobia irritan and Stomoxys calcitrans: The muscidae (Diptera: Calyptratae) perspective." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48 (2008): 850-857. • Yeates DK, Wiegmann BM. "Congruence and Controversy: Toward a Higher-Level Phylogeny of Diptera." Annual Reviews Entomol. 44 (1999): 397-428.

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