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MCB100 Exam 1 Spring 2019 Wednesday, February 13, 2019

MCB100 Exam 1 Spring 2019 Wednesday, February 13, 2019 2:00 – 2:50 pm Covers: chapters 1, 2, 4, 3 & 6 (Chapter 5 is not on exam 1!)

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MCB100 Exam 1 Spring 2019 Wednesday, February 13, 2019

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  1. MCB100 Exam 1 Spring 2019 Wednesday, February 13, 2019 2:00 – 2:50 pm Covers: chapters 1, 2, 4, 3 & 6 (Chapter 5 is not on exam 1!) Place: If your last name starts with A – Pe: please take the exam in room 112 Gregory If your last name starts with Ph – Z: please take the exam in room 213 Gregory Review Session: 7:00 – 8:20 pm, Monday, Feb. 11 Place: Room 124 Burrill Hall

  2. MCB100 Exam 1 Spring 2019 Practice Exam 1 has been updated. To find the link to the practice exam, go to:www.life.illinois.edu/mcb/100 - Click on: “Exam Information” - Scroll down to find the link to the practice exam. (It downloads as a MS Word Document.)

  3. Do you have a conflict for Exam 1, which is scheduled for 2 – 2:50 pm on Wed. 2/13/2019? Contact Dr. Chapman by e-mail: kenchap.life.illinois.edu What is the nature of your conflict? The conflict exam will be given at 3 pm or 5 pm on Tuesday, 2/12/19 in room 242 Burrill Hall. Does that fit into your schedule? (It's possible to do it earlier in the day but it's more difficult to find a quiet room where a student can take an exam when the lab is being used by a class.)Conflict exams must be taken before the rest of the class takes the test. Sick on the day of the exam? Don’t come and fail the test because you feel so bad you can’t think. See a doctor and take care of your health. Also get an excuse note. There are no make-up exams in MCB100, but in the event of illness or unexpected circumstances your score can be prorated. If you take a test, your score will be counted as it is. You can’t take a test and later decide you’d rather have your score prorated.

  4. Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides DNA A double stranded molecule that can be up to 100 million base pairs long. DNA is the genetic material in all cellular life forms. A chromosome contains a single large molecule of DNA. A chromosome can carry enough information to encode thousands of genes. EXAMPLE: E. coli chromosome is about 4 million base pairs long and about 5000 genes. RNA mRNA: carries genetic information to direct synthesis of 1 – a few proteins rRNA: part of the structure of the ribosome, which makes new proteins tRNA: facilitates the correct alignment of amino acids for protein synthesis Nucleotides dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP are precursors of DNA synthesis ATP, CTP, UTP and GTP are precursors of RNA synthesis and are also energy rich molecules that are used to assist in pushing biosynthetic reactions

  5. The Structure of DNA The two strands of double stranded DNA are held together bycomplementary hydrogen-bonding between the bases. Thymine pairs with Adenine forming 2 hydrogen bonds Cytosine pair with Guanine forming 3 hydrogen bonds

  6. Watson-Crick Base Pairs in Double-stranded DNA

  7. Which ONE of the following statements about nucleotides and nucleic acids is FALSE? A. The nucleotides seen in both DNA and RNA contain 5-carbon sugar groups. B. The energy-rich molecule ATP is a nucleotide. C. DNA is a double stranded polymer of nucleotides. D. Phosphate is an essential element for the synthesis of DNA and RNA. E. Each nucleotide in both DNA and RNA contains at least one atom of sulfur.

  8. Which ONE of the following statements about nucleotides and nucleic acids is FALSE? A. The nucleotides seen in both DNA and RNA contain 5-carbon sugar groups. B. The energy-rich molecule ATP is a nucleotide. C. DNA is a double stranded polymer of nucleotides. D. Phosphate is an essential element for the synthesis of DNA and RNA. E. Each nucleotide in both DNA and RNA contains at least one atom of sulfur. FALSE Phosphorous, yes Sulfur, no

  9. The chemical bonds that hold together biological polymers, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides and nucleic acids, are really very similar.Reactions that make biological polymers are examples of dehydration synthesis. The reactions that break down biological polymers are examples of hydrolysis.

  10. Bonds that join biological polymers - Ester joins a carboxylic acid to an alcohol, seen in the attachment of fatty acids to glycerol to make fats and lipids - Amide (peptide) joins a carboxylic acid to an amino group, seen in the union of amino acids to form proteins

  11. Bonds that join biological polymers - Phosphoester and phosphodiester joins a phosphoric acid group to an alcohol, seen in nucleic acids - Glycosidic joins a hemiacetal group on a cyclized sugar to an alcohol, seen in the joining of sugars to form disaccharides and polysaccharides

  12. Chirality

  13. A chiral center will occur wherever there is a carbon atom with 4 single bonds to 4 different functional groups. Most sugars seen in living organisms are found in the D conformation. All amino acids incorporated into proteins are L form. Sometimes bacteria use L sugars or D amino acids, but not in typical polysaccharides or proteins. Bacterial cell walls often contain D-alanine or D-glutamic acid but these amino acids are never used in proteins.

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