EDC CR1 Storage Architecture

1. EDC CR1 Storage Architecture August 2003Ken Gacke Systems Engineer (605) 594-6846 Gacke@usgs.gov

2. Storage Architecture Decisions • Evaluated and recommended through engineering white papers and weighted decision matrices • Requirements Factors • Reliability – Data Preservation • Performance – Data Access • Cost – $/GB, Engineering Support, O&M • Scalability – Data Growth, Multi-mission, etc. • Compatibility with current Architecture • Program/Project selects best solution

3. Storage Technologies • Online Storage Characteristics • Immediate Data Access • Server Limitations • Number of I/O slots • System Bandwidth • Cost is Linear • High Performance RAID -- $30/GB using 146GB drives • Low Cost RAID -- $5/GB using ATA or IDE Drives • Non RAID – Less than $5/GB using 146GB drives • Facility Costs • Disk drives are always powered up • Increased cooling requirements • Life cycle of 3 to 4 years

4. Storage Technologies • Online Storage • Direct Attach Storage (DAS) • Storage directly attached to server • Network Attach Storage (NAS) • TCP/IP access to storage typically with CIFS and NFS access • Storage Area Network (SAN) • Dedicated high speed network connecting storage devices • Storage devices disassociated from server

5. Storage Technologies • Direct Attach Online Storage • Disk is direct attached to single server • System Configuration • SCSI or Fibre Channel • RAID Fibre Channel devices are typically SAN ready • Just a Bunch of Disk (JBOD) • Redundant Array Independent Disk (RAID) • High Performance on the local server • Manageability • Simple Configuration • Resource reallocation requires physical move of controllers and disk

6. Storage Technologies • Direct Attach Online Storage • Advantages • High performance on local server • Good for image processing and database applications • Disadvantages • Data sharing limited to slower network performance • Difficult to reallocate resources to other servers

7. Host A Host C File System File System File System Storage Technologies Direct Attached 100Mb Network (FTP/NFS) Host B 100MB FC

8. Storage Technologies • NAS Online Storage • Disk attached on server accessible over TCP/IP Network • System Configuration • Fibre Channel RAID Configurations • Switched Network Environment • Performance • Network Switches and/or dedicated network topologies • Reliability • NAS Server performs a single function thereby reducing faults • RAID, Mirror, Snapshot capabilities • Easy to Manage

9. Storage Technologies • Network Attach Online Storage • Advantages • Easy to share files among servers • Network Storage support NFS and CIFS • Servers can use existing network infrastructure • Good for small file sharing such as office automation • Availability of fault protection such as snapshot and mirroring • Disadvantages • Slower performance due to TCP/IP overhead • Increases network load • Backup/Restore to tape may be difficult and/or slow • Does not integrate with nearline storage

10. Host A Host B Host C File System File System File System Share Files Storage Technologies Network Attached 1Gb Network (NFS/CIFS) NAS Server

11. Storage Technologies • SAN Online Storage • Disk attached within Fabric Network • System Configuration • Fibre Channel • RAID Configurations • Scalable High Performance • High Reliability with redundant paths • Manageability • Configuration becomes more complex • Logical reallocation of resources

12. Storage Technologies Redundancy SAN Configuration Fibre Switch 100Mb Network Host A Host B Fibre Switch Host C (DMF)

13. Storage Technologies • SAN Online Storage Architecture • Disk Farm • Multiple servers share large disk farm • Server mounts unique file systems • Clustered File Systems • Multiple servers share a single file system • Software Required – Vendor solutions include • SGI CXFS • ADIC StorNext File System • Tivoli SANErgy

14. Logical reallocation of disk Storage Technologies Disk Farm SAN Configuration 100Mb Network Host A Fibre Switch Host B Host C

15. Clustered File System CXFS CXFS Storage Technologies Cluster SAN Configuration 100Mb Network Host A Fibre Switch Host B Host C

16. Storage Technologies • SAN Risks • Cost is higher than DAS/NAS • Technology Maturity • Solutions are typically vendor specific • Application software dependencies • Infrastructure Support • Complexity of Architecture • Management of SAN Resources • Sharing of storage resources across multiple Programs/Projects

17. Storage Technologies • SAN Benefits • Administration flexibility • Logically move disk space among servers • Large capacity drives can be sliced into smaller file systems • Scales better than direct attach • Integrate within nearline configuration • Data Reliability • Storage disassociated from the server • Fault Tolerant with Redundant Paths • Increase Resource Utilization • Reduce the number of FTP network transfers • Logically allocate space among servers

18. Clustered File System Tape Library Storage Technologies SAN with Nearline Configuration Fibre Switch 1Gb Network Host A Host B CXFS Host C DMF/CXFS

19. Online/Nearline Cost Comparison Use of Existing Infrastructure (CR1 Silo)

20. Storage Technologies • Bulk RAID Storage Considerations • Manageability • Server connectivity constraints • Many “islands” of storage • Multiple storage management utilities • Multiple vendor maintenance contracts • Data Reliability • Loss of online file system requires full restore from backup • On average, could restore one to two terabyte per day • Performance • Multiple user access will reduce performance • Life Cycle • Disk storage life cycle shorter then tape technologies

21. Storage Technologies • SAN Nearline Storage • Data Access • Data stored on infinite file system • Immediate access to data residing on disk cache • Delayed access for data retrieved from tape • Access via LAN using FTP/NFS • Access via SAN Clustered File System • SGI DMF/CXFS Server • SGI, SUN, Linux, NT clients

22. Storage Technologies • SAN Cluster Proposal • Mass Storage System & Product Distribution System (PDS) • Limit Exposure to Risk • Servers are homogeneous • Implement with Single dataset • Data is file orientated • Data currently being FTP • Anticipated Benefits • Improved performance • Reduce total disk capacity requirements • Experience for future storage solutions

23. Current DMF/SAN Configuration Product Distribution CXFS SAN Storage DMF Server 1Gb Fibre 2Gb Fibre Disk Cache /dmf/edc 68GB /dmf/doqq 547GB /dmf/guo 50GB /dmf/pds 223GB /dmf/pdsc 547GB Tape Drives 8x9840 2x9940

24. CR1 Mass Storage System

25. CR1 Mass Storage System

26. CR1 Mass Storage System

27. CR1 Mass Storage

28. CR1 Mass Storage

29. CR1 Mass Storage Av 12.1MB/sec Description 1996 – 3490, pre DOQQ 1999 – D-3, DOQQ 2002 – 9840, DOQQ 2003 – 9840/9940, UA/AVHRR

30. CR1 DMF FY04 Budget

31. Storage Technologies • Multi Tiered Storage Vision • Online • Supported Configurations • DAS – Local processing such as image processing • NAS – Data sharing such as office automation • SAN – Production processing such as product generation • Data accessed frequently • Nearline • Integrated within SAN • Scalable for large datasets and less frequently accessed data • Multiple Copies and/or Offsite Storage

32. Storage Technologies • SAN – Final Thoughts • SAN Technology Maturity • SAN solution should be from a single vendor • Program/Project SAN solution benefits • Decrease storage requirements • Increase performance • Increase reliability • Increase flexibility of resource allocations • Increase cost (hardware/software) • Increase configuration complexity