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Switched Storage Architecture Benefits

Evolution of disk, RAID, and channel technologies, practical IOPS calculations, channel connectivity advancements, and benefits of a switched storage architecture in reducing costs, simplifying management, and enabling massive consolidation for improved storage environments.

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Switched Storage Architecture Benefits

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  1. Switched Storage Architecture Benefits Computer Measurements Group November 14th, 2002 Yves Coderre

  2. Evolution of Technology

  3. Disk Technology

  4. Disk Technology

  5. RAID Technology • 1990 5.25” 1GB 3600 RPM • 1992 5.25” 3-9GB 5400 RPM • 1996 Various 18-36GB 7200 RPM • 1998 Various 72GB 10K RPM • 2000 Various 180GB 15K RPM

  6. IOPS Measurements • Rotational Speed • Seek and Latency • Linear and Spatial density • RAID Protection • Read/Write ratio • Cache Hits

  7. Theoretical Calculation • Theoretical IOPS of a Spindle • IOPS = 1000/(Average Seek + Latency) • Average Seek = (Ws + Rs)/2 • Latency (ms) = (1000/RPS)/2 • Computes to 2.99ms for 10,025 RPM Drives • Computes to 2.00ms for 15,00 RPM Drives • Ex: 1000/(5.7ms + 2.99) = 115 IOPS

  8. Practical Calculation • Accounting for R/W Ratio & Read Hits IOPS = 1000/[(Rs+L)*Rm*Read% + (Ws+L)*Write%] Taking into account the # of Spindles/Raid Group, the Raid Penalty and type of workload, one can easily Calculate the #of Spindles required to process a given Number of IOPS for a given workload type.

  9. Sample Calculation 10,000 IOPS,3/1 R/W Ratio @ 70% Read Hits, 100% Spindle Busy 10K RPM Drives (Rd Seek 5.2ms, Wr Seek 6.0ms) • RAID 5 (3+1): 16 Array Groups (64 Drives) • RAID 1(2+2): 13 Array Groups (52 Drives)

  10. Sample Calculation 10,000 IOPS,3/1 R/W Ratio @ 70% Read Hits, 100% Spindle Busy 10K RPM Drives (Rd Seek 5.2ms, Wr Seek 6.0ms) • RAID 5 (3+1): 16 Array Groups (64 Drives) • RAID 1 (2+2): 13 Array Groups (52 Drives) 15K RPM Drives (Rd Seek 3.9ms, Wr Seek 4.5ms) • RAID 5 (3+1): 11 Array Groups (44 Drives) • RAID 1(2+2): 10 Array Groups (40 Drives)

  11. Channel Technology • 1990 Block Mux 3-4.5 MB/Sec • 1993 ESCON 17 MB/Sec

  12. Channel Technology • 1990 Block Mux 3-4.5 MB/Sec • 1993 ESCON 17 MB/Sec • 1996 Fibre Channel 100 MB/Sec • 1998 Fibre Channel 200 MB/Sec

  13. Channel Technology • 1990 Block Mux 3-4.5 MB/Sec • 1993 ESCON 17 MB/Sec • 1996 Fibre Channel 100 MB/Sec • 1998 Fibre Channel 200 MB/Sec • 2000 FICON 100 MB/Sec • 2002 FICON 200 MB/Sec

  14. ChannelConnectivity • 1990 16 BMUX 72 MB/Sec • 1993 16 ESCON 272 MB/Sec

  15. ChannelConnectivity • 1990 16 BMUX 72 MB/Sec • 1993 16 ESCON 272 MB/Sec • 1995 32 ESCON 544 MB/Sec • 1996 32 Fibre 3.2 GB/Sec

  16. ChannelConnectivity • 1990 16 BMUX 72 MB/Sec • 1993 16 ESCON 272 MB/Sec • 1995 32 ESCON 544 MB/Sec • 1996 32 Fibre 3.2 GB/Sec • 2000 32 FICON 3.2 GB/Sec • 2002 64 FICON 6.4 GB/Sec

  17. Disk Subsystems • 1990 3880, 3990 with Attached Disk • 1991 ICDA Technology 4GB-32GB

  18. Disk Subsystems • 1990 3880, 3990 with Attached Disk • 1991 ICDA Technology 4GB-32GB • 1993 ICDA 512GB • 1995 ICDA 1TB

  19. Disk Subsystems • 1990 3880, 3990 with Attached Disk • 1991 ICDA Technology 4GB-32GB • 1993 ICDA 512GB • 1995 ICDA 1TB • 1997 RAID Subsystems 5TB • 2000 RAID Subsystems 75TB

  20. IO Intensity Factors • Disk Technology • 5 MB to 180 GB Capacity • 3600 to 15,000 RPM • RAID Technology • 5.25” to 3.5” to 1” (1GB to 180GB)

  21. IO Intensity Factors • Disk Technology • 5 MB to 180 GB Capacity • 3600 to 15,000 RPM • RAID Technology • 5.25” to 3.5” to 1” (1GB to 180GB) • Channel Bandwidth & Connectivity • 3.5 MB/Sec to 200MB/Sec, 64 Ports • Disk Subsystems evolution • 1 GB to 100 TB High Performance Subsystem

  22. Growth Trends Demand for bandwidth is growing faster than capacity requirements

  23. Shared Bus Architecture

  24. “(…) the most innovative technology), which built a SAN rather than a backbone bus into its Storage Sub-Systems to deliver exceptional performance and capacity flexibility.” “The company’s new Switch Architecture further demonstrated their commitment to technological innovation and business-enabling solutions, and redefines the industry standard, once again.” Bob Zimmerman , Giga Group Jack Scott, Evaluator Group, Inc. Switch Architecture 2000

  25. Switched Fabric Architecture 3.2GB/s Data 3.2GB/s Control 100 Mhz x 2 Bytes = 200MB/Sec 200MB/Sec x 16 Paths =3.2GB/Sec

  26. 32 Hosts Connections: FC, Escon, FICON, iSCSI, NAS Switch Architecture Control Data Bandwidth 5 GB/s Bandwidth 166 Mhz x 2 Bytes = 332MB/Sec 332MB/S x 32 Paths =10.6GB/Sec 64GB Cache Shared Memory - HSN 1) 4 paths / (CHA/DKA) 2) 32 paths / SM(Each side) Frequency : 166MHz Cache-HSN 1) 2 paths / (CHA/DKA) 2) 8 paths /(CSW for CHA/DKA) 3) 8 paths / (CSW for Cache) 4) 8 paths / (Cache) 5) 32 paths / DKC(CSW-Cache) 6) 16 paths / Cluster(CSW-Cache) 7) 32 paths / DKC (CHA/DKA-CSW) 8) 16 paths / Cluster (CHA/DKA-CSW) Frequency : 166MHz 32 Cache Connections Up to 32 FC-AL backend paths

  27. ParadigmShift

  28. Tangible Benefits • Reduced Total Cost of Ownership • Enables Massive Consolidation & Centralization • Reduced complexity by simplifying storage networking environments with fewer switches, connections • Simplified management • Simplified and automated tools reduces time spend managing storage: people can be re-deployed for other tasks. • Reduced software licensing and maintenance • Through improved capacity utilization: less capacity then lower licensing and maintenance • One 6TB versus three 4TB • $700K plus • Improved Environmental Costs • Reduced floor space, power, cooling

  29. ISV1 ISV2 ISVn ISV1 ISV2 ISVn CIM/WBEM IHV1 IHV2 IHVn IHV1 IHV2 IHVn ISV1 ISV2 ISVn IHV1 IHV2 IHVn Network Management Requires Open Standards-Based Approach • Exchanging APIs leads to a growing web of proprietary interfaces • Storage networks require an object-based Common Information Model (CIM), for management of mixed environments • Web-Based Enterprise Management(WBEM), provides a standard managementinterface for existing Web servers • CIM/WBEM is an industry accepted specification that provides a truly open and adaptive standard for heterogeneous storage management • Software vendors write to an open interface • No need for proprietary commitments • Hardware vendors provide a common object- based management interface that still enables them to provide differentiation CIM

  30. The Importance of a Message Bus ISV1 ISV2 ISVn CIM/WBEM • A CIM object enables ISVs to codeto a common interface • However, ISVs still need to communicate with each otherto reduce management complexity • A Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) message bus provides a standard interface for communication between ISV products • New Application Framework should be based on a CIM/SOAP management message bus. IHV1 IHV2 IHVn ISV1 ISV2 ISVn Management Message Bus: CIM/SOAP CIM/WBEM IHV1 IHV2 IHVn

  31. High Performance, Open Computing Computer Measurements Group Thank You Yves Coderre

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