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Human Kinetics 303

Human Kinetics 303. High Performance Strength and Conditioning. HKIN 303 Course Outline. Section I Physiologic Adaptation to Exercise Midterm. HKIN 303 Course Outline. Section II Strength training techniques Cardiovascular training techniques Periodization / Hybrid Programs.

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Human Kinetics 303

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  1. Human Kinetics 303 High Performance Strength and Conditioning

  2. HKIN 303 Course Outline Section I Physiologic Adaptation to Exercise Midterm

  3. HKIN 303 Course Outline Section II Strength training techniques Cardiovascular training techniques Periodization / Hybrid Programs

  4. HKIN 303 muscle Architecture - macro • Pre-knowledge • tendon • Epimysium • Fasciculae • Perimysium • muscle fibers • Endomysium • Myofibril • Motoneuron • Motor endplate • Synaptic Mx.

  5. HKIN 303 muscle Architecture - macro • What is the advantage to having all three layers of connective tissue converge to form the tendon?

  6. HKIN 303 muscle Architecture - macro • Key Words: • Motor unit • Motoneuron • Motor endplate/neuromuscular junction • neurotransmitters • No. of fibres per motoneuron • Effect on movement

  7. HKIN 303 muscle Architecture - macro • Pre-knowledge: • Sliding filament theory from calcium release through to relaxation of the Myosin globular heads.

  8. HKIN 303 muscle Architecture - micro • Key Words: • sarcomere • Actin -double strand, wound • Myosin- twisted golf clubs, heads facing out in a spiral fashion down the bundled tails • Z- line , M - line • cross bridges

  9. HKIN 303 muscle Architecture - micro • Key Words: • sarcomere • Actin -double strand, wound • Myosin- twisted golf clubs, heads facing out in a spiral fashion down the bundled tails • titan • Z- line , M - line • cross bridges • Contractile mechanism

  10. HKIN 303 muscle Architecture - micro • Key Words: • sarcomere • Actin -double strand, wound • Myosin- twisted golf clubs, heads facing out in a spiral fashion down the bundled tails • titan • Z- line , M - line • cross bridges • Contractile mechanism

  11. HKIN 303 muscle function - micro • Key Words: • sarcomere • Actin -double strand, wound • Myosin- twisted golf clubs, heads facing out in a spiral fashion down the bundled tails • titan • Z- line , M - line • cross bridges • Contractile mechanism

  12. HKIN 303 muscle function - micro • Key Words: • sarcomere • Actin -double strand, wound • Myosin- twisted golf clubs, heads facing out in a spiral fashion down the bundled tails • titan • Z- line , M - line • cross bridges • Contractile mechanism

  13. HKIN 303 muscle function - micro • Key Words: • sarcomere • Actin -double strand, wound • Myosin- twisted golf clubs, heads facing out in a spiral fashion down the bundled tails • titan • Z- line , M - line • cross bridges • Contractile mechanism

  14. HKIN 303 muscle Function - micro • Key Words: • sarcomere • Actin -double strand, wound • Myosin- twisted golf clubs, heads facing out in a spiral fashion down the bundled tails • titan • Z- line , M - line • cross bridges • Contractile mechanism

  15. Contractile proteins • Myosin • Actin

  16. Regulatory Proteins • Myosin binding site • tropomyosin • Troponin (TnC)

  17. Suspensory Proteins • myosin binding protein C • Titan

  18. Suspensory Proteins • myosin binding protein C • Titan

  19. Muscle Function • Force – length relationship

  20. Muscle Function • Force – length relationship

  21. Muscle Function • Force – velocity relationship

  22. HKIN 303 muscle Function - fiber types Type I / slow oxidative / slow twitch // soleus m. Type 1c/ v. slow oxidative/ plantaris m. Type IIc / most oxidative glycolytic Type IIa / fast oxidative/glycolytic / fast twitch 1 / vastus lateralis m. Type IIb /fast glycolytic / fast twitch 2 / gastrocnemius m.

  23. HKIN 303 muscle Function - fiber types Slow Oxidative fast glycolitic Type I Type Ic Type IIc Type IIa Type Iib It was thought that the Type IIa fibers were the ‘swing’ fibers.

  24. HKIN 303 muscle Function - fiber types Slow Oxidative fast glycolitic Type I Type Ic Type IIc Type IIa Type IIb It now appears that the Type IIb Fibers have a great deal of plasticity

  25. HKIN 303 muscle Function - fiber types How does one determine the fiber composition of a muscle?. How is the fiber composition of an individual determined?

  26. HKIN 303 muscle Architecture - macro • What determines the ‘type’ of a muscle fibre?

  27. HKIN 303 muscle Architecture • What, if anything can change the muscle fibre type Type IIb to Type I?

  28. HKIN 303 muscle Architecture • When eating that yummy turkey breast at Christmas, were you eating Type I or Type II muscle fibres?? When chewing on that tender, dark leg were you eating Type I or Type II muscle fibres?? OR

  29. HKIN 303 Muscle Architecture • Does a single muscle fibre run the length of the muscle? • Is it possible for a muscle fiber to contain more than 1 type of muscle isoform??

  30. Muscle Architecture • Segmental contraction velocities

  31. Muscle Architecture • Mean segmental conduction velocities (n=14)

  32. Muscle Architecture • Why are the sarcomeres of a muscle fiber of differing lengths? • What is the reason for differing conduction velocities.

  33. Muscle Function - movements Key Words: 1. Isotonic contractions: (change in muscle length) Concentric contraction -Isokinetic machines -Variable resistance machines - Free weights Eccentric contraction 2. Isometric contraction (no change in muscle length)

  34. Biomechanics • Is this? • A) a spotting school mishap • B) a triple overgrip • C) a neck exercise • D) really, really painful

  35. Biomechanics - linear kinematics • F(N) = mass(kg) x g(m*s-2) • Work (J) = F(N) x distance(m) • Power (W) = Work x t-1(s) =F x d/t =F x velocity

  36. Biomechanics - linear kinematics - vectors Any object in motion

  37. Biomechanics - linear kinematics - vectors Any object in motion has two components to its motion: a vertical component and a horizontal component Vertical Horizontal

  38. Biomechanics - linear kinematics - vectors They show their relative contributions to the resultant motion resultant

  39. Biomechanics - linear kinematics - vectors They show their relative contributions to the resultant motion

  40. Biomechanics - rotational kinematics • Torque(N-m) = F(N) x length of moment arm (m) • Work (J) = T x angular displacement (radians = 1800/) • Power (W) = W x t-1

  41. Rotational kinematics – length of the lever Muscle force moment arm Resistance moment arm

  42. Rotational kinematics - moment arms Muscle force moment arm Resistance moment arm

  43. Rotational Kinematics - torque • Torque= wt of the resistance X length of the moment arm. • OR • Torque = ‘y’ component of the resistance x length of the lever. • These values will be identical when calculated.

  44. Vectors • Remember, Vectors are representative of the MAGNITUDE of the resultant FORCE • Note: in free weights, the resultant force is always in line with gravitational pull. FM Fmuscle contract FUR Fcompressiom Fdistraction FDR FR

  45. Muscle Moment Arm • The MOMENT ARM (M) is the perpendicular distance from the line of resultant force to the fulcrum (joint axis), A, or the distance from axis of rotation to the point of muscle insertion, B. FM FEF A B

  46. Torque • Torque, or rotational force, is a product of the rotational component(Fmur) x the moment arm, or the resultant force of muscular contraction (FM) x perpendicular distance from FM to axis of rotation. FM F mur Fdistaction F RDR Fdumbell

  47. Torque • The resistance torque is calculated the same way. The resultant force of the resistance is a straight line from the hand to the origin of the resistance, or in the case of free weights, in line with the pull of gravity. FM F mur MM MR Fdistaction F RDR Fdumbell

  48. Torque • Torque= MR1 x FDR • OR • Torque = MR2 x Fdumbell FM F mur MM MR1 MR2 Fdistaction F DR Fdumbell

  49. Biomechanics - angular kinematics • There is one vector along the lever arm. • There is one vector perpendicular to the lever arm. Lever fulcrum

  50. Biomechanics Class I Lever Fulcrum is between resistance and muscular force. Can be efficient, and sometimes not. Depends on ???

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