Personal Safety in a Healthy World

1. Personal Safety in a Healthy World 6th Grade Health

2. Student Expectations • Summarize how to act safely at home and on your way to and from home • Explain ways to be safe in your community • Identify ways to act safely outdoors and in weather emergencies • Describe the basics of first aid for emergencies • Identify ways of protecting the environment • Describe ways to reduce the amount of garbage this is produced

3. Safety at Home and Away • Essential Questions • Why is it important for me to know how to act safely? • What can I do to prevent accidents in my home? • What are some safety tips for traveling to and from my home?

4. Building Safe Habits • An important part of being a healthy person is practicing safe habits • This means not taking unnecessary risk • Risk – potentially harmful chances Wear your seat belt while riding in a car, wear a helmet while riding your bike, wear appropriate clothes if you have to be out in inclement weather

5. Acting Safely • Safety rules help protect you from hurting yourself • Don’t give into peer pressure • Think before you act • Know your own limits

6. The Accident Chain • Most accidents can be prevented • The accident chain can be broken if any one of the first three elements is changed • There are Five Elements • The situation • The unsafe habit • The unsafe action • The Accident • The result of the accident

7. Safety in the Home • You probably think your home is a safe place • However, most homes are filled with hazards • Hazard – a possible source of harm

8. Preventing Falls Wipe up spills right away Keep steps and stairways well lit and free of objects Fasten rugs firmly to the floor Use nonskid mats in baths and showers Do not run on wet or waxed floors Use a sturdy stepladder to reach items on high shelves

9. Electrical Safety Do not use appliances with frayed wires Pull out plugs by the plug itself, not the cord Put only two plugs in an outlet at a time Keep electrical products away from water Do not use electrical products if you are wet

10. Fire Safety Never play with matches or lighters Install smoke detectors on each level of your home Recycle old newspapers, and throw away old oil soaked rags Make sure no one smokes in bed Keep a fire extinguisher on each level of your home Keep stoves clean and be careful when cooking Check electrical wires and outlets for safety

11. Guns Safety Guns should be kept in locked cabinets Guns should be stored unloaded Children should not handle guns If guns are carried, the barrel should point downward Guns should never be pointed at anyone

12. Safety on the Way There are many hazards on your way to and from home. Awareness of them and of the safety rules that apply to them will help you prevent accidents and injuries when you travel

13. Highway Safety • Always wear a safety belt when riding in a car • Cross at crosswalks at intersections • Pedestrian – anyone who travels on foot • Look left, right, then left again when crossing the road • Watch for driver who are turning right at a red light • Be aware of bicyclist • Obey traffic signals • Watch for small children

14. Safety in Your Community • Essential Questions • What causes people to act in violent ways? • How can I avoid becoming a victim of violent crimes? • What is being done to help make my home, school, and community safe?

15. Violence in Society • Violence, or use of physical force to harm someone, is very serious in the United States • Certain random crimes, such as carjackings and drive-by shootings, are reported daily in newspapers and on television • Carjaking- occurs when a person steals a car hy threatening the driver with a weapon • Drive-by-shooting – are shootings that occur form a moving car

16. Causes of Violence Anger – people who have not learned healthy ways to handle anger may act violently in tense situations Drugs and Alcohol – sometimes people who use drugs or alcohol become violent. In many cases, violence results when people try to by and sell frugs illegally Peep Pressure – Teens face pressure from other teens to be part of a group Prejudice – which is judgment about someone that is not based on fact or knowledge of the person

17. Causes of Violence Gun Possession – Guns are easily available in the United Sates. People carry guns to make them feel powerful and to impress peers.

18. Being Safe in School • School programs designed to prevent arguments from turning into violence include the following • Peer mediation and crisis intervention programs • Violence prevention programs in which students are taught to respect the feelings, opinions, and values of others • Counselors to talk with troubled students • Student assistance programs • Health education classes

19. Being Safe in School Continued • School leaders and police departments are working to keep students safe while they are school as well • Dress code or uniforms • Removing of lockers • Metal detectors to search for weapons • Security guards or Resource Officers • Gun and drug sniffing dogs • Video cameras on school busses and on school grounds

20. Being Safe on the Streets Communities are working to keep the streets safe. Some communities have increased the number of police officers who patrol the neighborhoods. Stricter gun laws have been passed in many communities, and punishments for violent crimes have been increased People in many areas participate in Neighborhood Watch programs – police train residents to look for and report suspicious activity in their neighborhood

21. Safety Outdoors and in Weather Emergencies • Essential Questions • Why should I have a “buddy” when I am involved in outdoor activities? • What do I need to know about water safety to prevent drowning? • What are some safety tips that I need to know for camping or for winter sports?

22. Being Safe Outdoors Use the buddy system Know your limits Use the proper equipment for an activity Be aware of weather conditions Learn the safety rules that apply to the activity you will take part in Warm up before exercising, and cool down afterwards

23. Water Safety The first thing you need to do before taking part in water sports, is learn to swim well You can take swimming lessons from trained swim instructors. They will be able to let you know when you are ready to take part in water sports Never go swimming alone Only go to pools or beaches with lifeguards on duty Use the buddy system – when taking part in water sports, go with a family member or friend

24. Water Safety Continued • Never eat a heavy meal before swimming. This can cause your muscles to tighten, making it difficult to swim easily • Never swim if you are tired or felling fatigued • Only dive if you have had lesson in diving • Never dive into above ground pools or shallow water • If you are unsure of how deep the water is, walk into the water first • Swimming or falling into cold water, puts you at risk of Hypothermia – sudden drop in body temperature

25. Hiking or Camping Wear clothes that are appropriate for the weather conditions, and the season Take the proper equipment – include a first aid kit, flash light, compass, and fresh water Stay in a specified campsite or on a marked trial Be able to identify and avoid poisonous snakes, plants, and insects Do not cook in tents- this could cause a fire Put out camp fires completely – cover with water, cover with sand or dirt, stir gently

26. Weather Emergenices • Floods – The most common natural disaster • Some floods take days to develop, while others take minutes • In the event of heavy rains, listen to local radio or television stations • Be prepared to leave the area and retreat to higher ground • If a flood occurs, do not walk or drive through moving water

27. Earthquakes Earthquakes occur as a result of the ground shaking as the rock below the surface moves If you are inside during an earthquake, stay inside Stand in hallways and away from objects that could fall If you are outside, try and stand in open space, away from building, trees, and power lines

28. Hurricanes • Hurricane - is a strong windstorm with driving rain • Hurricanes develop over large bodies of water • If you know a hurricane is emanate, move inland • Bring pets inside

29. Tornadoes • A tornado is whirling, funnel-shaped wind storm that drops from the sky to the ground • Tornado Watch – when the weather condition are right for a tornado • Tornado Warning – A tornado has been sighted In the event of a tornado, move to a storm cellar of basement. If this is not possible, go to a hallway or other place that does not have windows. If you are outside, lie flat in a ditch and cover yourself with something protective, such as a blanket or clothing.

30. First Aid • Essential Questions • What do I do for someone who needs first aid? • How can I help someone who is bleeding? • Is there anything I can do for a person who is choking? • What can I do to help someone who has been burned?

31. What is First Aid? • In an emergency, first aid is the care first given to a person who becomes injured or ill until regular medical care can be supplied • Knowing what to do • Rescue the victim • Only move the victim if he or she is in an unsafe location • Check the victims breathing • Clear the victims airway is blocked, try to clear the blockage • Control sever bleeding • Apply direct pressure to the wound if the victim is severely bleeding • Get medical help • Call 911 as soon as possible

32. Basic Techniques • Rescue Breathing • If you are not sure if the victim is breathing, place your ear and cheek close to the victims nose and mouth • Look, listen, and feel for breathing • Watch for the rise and fall of the victims chest • If the victim is not breathing, you can perform Rescue Breathing – this is a substitute for normal breathing in which someone forces air into the victims lungs

33. Basic Techniques • Bleeding • Apply direct pressure to the wound • Use a clean cloth to cover the wound, then apply pressure • If the blood soaks through, add more cloth, do not remove the first piece of cloth • Use a combination of direct pressure and pressure to the main artery • Carefully raise the bleeding body part above the level of the victims heart • This will help slow the blood loss • If the body part contains a broken bone, do not move it

34. Basic Techniques • Choking – is a condition that occurs when a person’s airway becomes blocked • The universal sign of choking – the victim will grab their throat with both hands • Other signs of choking may include coughing, and difficulty speaking or breathing • Abdominal thrust may be used if a victim is unable to breath • This method uses quick, upward pulls into the diaphram to force out the substance blocking the airway

35. Basic Techniques • Poisoning • If you fear that you or someone else has been poisoned call 911 immediately • Be ready to tell the operator: • What was ingested • Approximately how much was ingested • Age and weight of victim

36. Basic Techniques • Burns • First degree burns • Least harmful type of burn • outer layer of skin is burned and turns red • Example: minor sun burn • Treat with cool water, and wrap in a loose, dry dressing • Second degree burns • The burned area will blister • Examples: severe sun burns and scalding • Treatment: cool burned area with cool water, wrap burn in a clean, dry dressing, do not pop blisters

37. Burns Continued • Third degree burns • Most serious type of burn • Deeper layers of skin are damaged as well as nerve endings • Examples: burns caused by electricity, fire, and chemicals • Victim will need immediate medical attention • While you wait for professional help, you can cover the burn with a clean, dry dressing • Do not apply water, ointment, or ice to the burn