An Introduction to Art History: Artists, Artwork, and Art Movements

2. An Introduction to Art History:Artists, Artwork, and Art Movements Renaissance, Baroque, Impressionism, Pointillism, Cubism, Expressionism, Abstract Expressionism,Surrealism, Pop Art

3. Leonardo Da Vinci, Rembrandt, Vincent Van Gogh, Claude Monet, Salvador Dali, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, George Seurat, Pablo Picasso, Edvard Munch Michelangelo, Sandro Botticelli, Caravaggio, Georges Braque, Paul Cezanne,Janz Vermeer, Henri Mattise, Wassily Kandinsky, Georgio O’keefe, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas, Paul Klee, Raphael, Paul Gauguin, M.C. Escher, Max Ernst, Giorgio de Chirico, Roy Lichtenstein, Jasper Johns

4. Matching – Artist with Artworkand Art Movement

5. d. c. b. a. f. g. e. i. h. j.

6. d. c. b. a. f. g. e. i. h. j.

7. Matching – Artist with Artworkand Art Movement

8. The Renaissance • Centered in Italy in the 15th - 16th century • The Renaissance was a period of great creative and intellectual activity, during which artists broke away from the restrictions of the previous era. • Throughout the 15th century, artists studied the natural world in order to perfect their understanding of such subjects as anatomy and perspective. • The Renaissance can be described in two parts, the Early Renaissance and the High Renaissance. • The High Renaissance was the culmination of the artistic developments of the Early Renaissance, and one of the great explosions of creative genius in history. • It is notable for three of the greatest artists in history: Michelangelo Buonarroti, Raphael Sanzio and Leonardo da Vinci. Follow the links below to study the gallery of each period. Early Renaissance High Renaissance http://www.artcyclopedia.com/

9. The Early Renaissance The 15th Century(1400’s) Browse through the Gallery of Early Renaissance art. Write down your answers to these questions.If you don’t know, make some guesses. What are some of the common themes or subjects of the artworks from this period? What part of society seems to heavily influence the artwork of this period? If you had to guess, who do you think was paying for (or commissioning) many of these artworks? Look closely at the subjects of the artworks. How realistic are they? (Let’s say on a scale of 1-10) Explain why you think so.

10. The Early Renaissance Characteristics of Early Renaissance Art: The 15th Century(1400’s) Student Notes: Famous Artists: Famous Artworks:

11. The Early Renaissance Characteristics of Early Renaissance Art: The 15th Century(1400’s) Notes: Subject matter – Religious People – Mary and Jesus paid for Catholic church – lots of gold Realism – 4-6 out of 10. Proportions wrong, exaggerated, perspective wrong – 2D (flat) Famous Artists: Famous Artworks: Sandro Botticelli [Italian Painter, ca.1445-1510] Title: The Birth of Venus, c.1485 Artist: Sandro Botticelli

13. The High Renaissance The 16th Century(1500’s) Browse through the Gallery of High Renaissance art. Write down your answers to these questions.If you don’t know, make some guesses. There is a very common subject matter that appears in at least 10 works in this gallery. Can you find what it is? What does this tell us about the artwork of this period? Look closely at the subjects of the artworks. How realistic are they? (Let’s say on a scale of 1-10) Explain why you think so. Do you think they are more or less realistic than in the previous period?

14. The High Renaissance Characteristics of High Renaissance Art: Notes: There is a significant shift from the Early Renaissance Catholic church’s control over art world is decreasing Realism in artwork is increasing substantially The 16th Century(1500’s)

15. The 16th Century(1500’s) The High Renaissance Famous Artists: Famous Artworks: Title: Vitruvian Man, c. 1485 The Last Supper, c. 1498 The Mona Lisa, c. 1507 Self Portrait, c. 1515 [Italian High Renaissance Painter and Inventor, 1452-1519] Michelangelo Buonarroti [Italian High Renaissance/Mannerist Painter and Sculptor, 1475-1564] Title: The Pieta, c. 1499 David, c. 1498, c. 1504 The Sistine Chapell, c. 1512 Raphael Sanzio [Italian High Renaissance Painter, 1483-1520] Title: The School of Athens, c. 1511

16. The Baroque Period The 17th Century(1600’s) • Baroque Art developed in Europe around 1600, as an reaction against the intricate and formulaic Mannerism that dominated the Late Renaissance. Baroque art is more realistic and more emotionally affecting than Late Renaissance art. • One of the great periods of art history, Baroque Art was developed by Caravaggio,Gianlorenzo Bernini and Annibale Carracci, among others. This was also the age of Rubens, Rembrandt, Vermeer and Velázquez. • Michelangelo Caravaggio, and Rembrandt Van Rijn are two of the most celebrated painters of all time. They made famous a style of chiaroscuro in visual art that is still essential today. Chiaroscuro is a term in art for a contrast between light and dark. Some of Rembrandt and Caravaggio’s work are among of the greatest examples of the style of chiaroscuro. • In the 18th century, Baroque Art was replaced by the more elegant and elaborate Rococo art style. The Baroque Period

17. The Baroque Period Characteristics of Baroque Art: Notes: What is the Italian word for an emphasis on the contrast between light and dark?How realistic are the paintings from this era? Chiaroscuro A dramatic increase in realism – some of the most realistic paintings of all time are from the Baroque Period. Famous Artists: Famous Artworks: Rembrandt Van Rijn [Dutch Baroque Era Painter and Engraver, 1606-1669]Michelangelo Caravaggio[Italian Baroque Era Painter, ca.1571-1610]Jan Vermeer [Dutch Baroque Era Painter, 1632-1675] Title: The Nightwatch, c.1642 Artist: Rembrandt

19. Impressionism What century? ____________ ( ) • Impressionism is a light, spontaneous manner of painting which began in France as a reaction against the restrictions and conventions of the dominant Academic art.The movement's name was derived from Monet's early work, Impression: Sunrise, which was singled out for criticism by Louis Leroy upon its exhibition.The hallmark of the style is the attempt to capture the subjective impression of light in a scene , most commonly landscapes.The core of the earliest Impressionist group was made up of Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Others associated with this period were Vincent Van Gogh, Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, and Mary Cassatt.The Impressionist style was probably the single most successful and identifiable "movement" ever, and is still widely practiced today. But as an intellectual school it faded towards the end of the 19th century, branching out into a variety of successive movements which are generally grouped under the term Post-Impressionism. Pointillism is the most popular Post-Impressionist movement. Impressionism

20. Impressionism What century? Late 19th century (1860’s – 80’s) Characteristics of Impressionist Art: Notes: Impressionism is the attempt to capture the subjective impression of light in a scene, most commonly landscapes Not about realism, not about neatness or sharp clear images An attempt to capture the feel of a scene Often brushstrokes are quite visible – even emphasized as in Monet / Van Gogh Famous Artworks: Famous Artists: Claude Monet [French Impressionist Painter, 1840-1926]Vincent Van Gogh [Dutch Post-Impressionist Painter, 1853-1890] Pierre- Auguste Renoir[French Impressionist Painter, 1841-1919] Also Edgar Dugas, Alfred Sisley, Camille Pissaro, Edouard Manet Title: Impression: Sunrise, c.1893 Artist: Claude Monet

23. Sisley

26. Pointillism What century? ____________ ( ) • Pointillism is the most popular Post-Impressionist movement. • Pointillism is a form of painting in which tiny dots of primary-colors are used to generate secondary colors. It is an offshoot of Impressionism, and is usually categorized as a form of Post-Impressionism. It is very similar to Divisionism, except that where Divisionism is concerned with color theory, Pointillism is more focused on the specific style of brushwork used to apply the paint.The term "Pointillism" was first used with respect to the work of Georges Seurat, and he is the artist most closely associated with the movement. The relatively few artists who worked in this style also included Paul Signac and Henri-Edmond Cross.Pointillism is considered to have been an influence on Fauvism. Pointillism

27. Pointillism What century? ____19th_____ (Late 1800’s) Characteristics of Pointillism (Post-Impressionist) Art: Notes: Often called Post-Impressionism, like impressionism – trying to capture an impression – not about realism Is a style of painting in which small dots or points of paint are applied to the canvas The human eye blends the dots to create richer colour tones than those actually painted Famous Artists: Famous Artworks: Georges Seurat [French Pointillist Painter, 1859-1891] Title: Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grand Jatte, c.1886 Artist: Georges Seurat

29. Cubism What century? ____________ ( ) • Cubism was developed between about 1908 and 1912 in a collaboration between Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso. Their main influences are said to have been Tribal Art (although Braque later disputed this) and the work of Paul Cezanne. The movement itself was not long-lived or widespread, but it began an immense creative explosion which resonated through all of 20th century art.The key concept underlying Cubism is that the essence of an object can only be captured by showing it from multiple points of view simultaneously.Cubism had run its course by the end of World War I, but among the movements directly influenced by it were Orphism, Precisionism, Futurism, Purism, Constructivism, and, to some degree, Expressionism. Cubism

30. Cubism What century? ____________ ( ) Characteristics of Cubist Art: The key concept underlying Cubism is that the essence of an object can only be captured by showing it from multiple points of view simultaneously. An object is broken apart and reassemble in cube-like pieces Artists very much inspired by music – the guitar or guitarist is a common subject Notes: Famous Artists: Famous Artworks: Pablo Picasso, Georges Braques Paul Cezanne Title: Three Musicians Artist: Pablo Picasso

32. Surrealism What century? ____________ ( ) • Surrealism is a style in which fantastical visual imagery from the subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the work logically comprehensible. Founded by Andre Breton in 1924, it was a primarily European movement that attracted many members of the chaotic Dada movement. It was similar in some elements to the mystical 19th-century Symbolist movement, but was deeply influenced by the psychoanalytic work of Freud and Jung.The Surrealist circle was made up of many of the great artists of the 20th century, including Max Ernst, Giorgio de Chirico, Jean Arp, Man Ray, Joan Miro, and Rene Magritte. Salvador Dali, probably the single best-known Surrealist artist, broke with the group due to his right-wing politics (during this period leftism was the fashion among Surrealists, and in fact in almost all intellectual circles).The Magic Realists were American artists somewhat influenced by the Surrealists Surrealism

33. Surrealism What century? Early – 20th ( 1920’s – 50’s) Characteristics of Surrealist Art: Notes: Dreamlike, visual images from artist’s mind Unreal, unrealistic, purposely not logical Inspired by Sigmund Freud and Jung Make you think Famous Artworks: Famous Artists: Salvador Dali [Spanish Surrealist Painter, 1904-1989]Max Ernst[German-born French Dadaist/Surrealist Painter, 1891-1976]Giorgio de Chirico[Greek-born Italian Surrealist Painter and Sculptor, 1888-1978] Title: The Persistance of Memory, c.1931 Artist: Salvador Dali

35. Expressionism What century? ____________ ( ) • Expressionism is a style in which the intention is not to reproduce a subject accurately, but instead to portray it in such a way as to express the inner state of the artist. The movement is especially associated with Germany, and was influenced by such emotionally-charged styles as Symbolism, Fauvism, and Cubism.There are several different and somewhat overlapping groups of Expressionist artists, including Der Blaue Reiter ("The Blue Rider"), Die Brücke ("The Bridge"), Die Neue Sachlichkeit ("The New Objectivity") and the Bauhaus School.Leading Expressionists included Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, George Grosz and Amadeo Modigliani.In the mid-20th century, Abstract Expressionism (in which there is no subject at all, but instead pure abstract form) developed into an extremely influential style in the United States. Expressionism

36. Expressionism What century? Early – 20th (1900’s – 40’s) in Germany Characteristics of Expressionist Art: Notes: Expressionism is a style in which the intention is not to reproduce a subject accurately, But instead to express the inner emotion of the artist. Uses objects from the real world Famous Artists: Famous Artworks: [Russian-born French Expressionist Painter, 1866-1944] Ernst Ludwig Kirchner[1880-1938 German Painter/Sculptor] Paul Klee, Edvard Munch, Emily Carr Title: The Scream, c.1886 Artist: Edvard Munch Title: On White II, c.1923 Artist: Wassily Kandinsky

38. Abstract Expressionism What century? ____________ ( ) • a type of art in which the artist expresses himself purely through the use of form and color. • It non-representational, or non-objective, art, which means that there are no actual objects represented. • Now considered to be the first American artistic movement of international importance, the term was originally used to describe the work of Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock and Arshile Gorky. • The movement can be more or less divided into two groups: Action Painting, typified by artists such as Pollock, de Kooning, Franz Kline, and Philip Guston, stressed the physical action involved in painting; Color Field Painting, practiced by Mark Rothko and Kenneth Noland, among others, was primarily concerned with exploring the effects of pure color on a canvas. Abstract Expressionism

39. Abstract Expressionism What century? Mid – 20th ( 1940’s – 50’s) Characteristics of Abstract Expressionist Art: artist expresses himself purely through the use of form and color. It is non-representational, or non-objective, art, which means that there are no actual objects represented. the first American artistic movement of international importance two groups: Action Painting (Pollock, de Kooning, Kline) and Color Field Painting (Rothco, Kline) Notes: Famous Artists: Famous Artworks: Jackson Pollock [American Abstract Expressionist Painter, 1912-1956] Willem de Kooning [Dutch-born American Abstract Expressionist Painter, 1904-1997]also Franz Kline, Mark Rothko, Lee Krasner Jackson Pollock’s ‘splatter paintings’ like this one - Title: Number 8, c. 1948

41. Pop Art What century? ____________ ( ) • Pop Art is a style of art which explores the everyday imagery that is so much a part of contemporary consumer culture. Common sources of imagery include advertisements, consumer product packaging, celebrity photographs, and comic strips.Leading Pop artists include Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein, as well as Jasper Johns, James Rosenquist, Robert Indiana, Robert Rauschenberg. Pop Art

42. Pop Art What century? Mid – 20th ( 1950’s – 60’s) Characteristics of Pop Art: Notes: The subject of the art is Popular Culture explores the everyday imagery of consumer objects and Pop celebrity Famous Artists: Famous Artworks: Andy Warhol, [American Pop Artist, 1928-1987]Roy Lichtenstien, [American Pop Artist, 1923-1997]Jasper Johns, James Rosenquist, Robert Indiana, Robert Rauschenberg Title: Campbell Soup Series II 1968 Old FashionArtist: Andy Warhol Title: Girl With Hair RibbonArtist: Roy Lichtenstien