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East Asia's Rebirth and Revolution: Postwar Transformations

Explore postwar settlements, political changes, economic surges, and cultural shifts in East Asia and the Pacific Rim from the 1940s to the 1990s. The rise of nations and the impact of colonialism and revolution are examined in this dynamic region.

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East Asia's Rebirth and Revolution: Postwar Transformations

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  1. 34 Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

  2. Rebirth and Revolution in East Asia and the Pacific Rim • East Asia in the Postwar Settlements • The Pacific Rim: More Japans? • Mao's China: Vanguard of World Revolution? • Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam

  3. Rebirth and Revolution in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

  4. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements • Japanese Recovery • Japan occupied by United States • Korea divided • Russian, American zone • Emerging Stability in Taiwan,Hong Kong, and Singapore • Chinese occupation • Chiang Kai-shek • Reoccupation of some areas

  5. New Divisions and the End of Empires • Postwar decolonization • U.S. loses Philippines • Dutch: Indonesia • British: Malaya • Chiang, Guomintang • driven to Taiwan

  6. The Pacific Rim Area by 1960

  7. Japanese Recovery • American occupation • ends, 1952 • Democratization • women get the vote • unions encouraged • Shintoism disestablished • land redistribution • new constitution • modified, 1963

  8. Japanese Recovery • Liberal Democratic Party, 1955

  9. Korea: Intervention and War • North • communist • Kim Il-Sung, to 1994 • South • Syngman Rhee • parliamentary government

  10. Korea: Intervention and War • North invades South, 1950 • U.S. leads UN effort • China supports North • 1953, armistice

  11. Emerging Stability in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore • Taiwan • Guomindang retreats to Taiwan • U.S. Support • Hong Kong • British colony • Chinese control, 1997 • Singapore • independence, 1965

  12. Japan's Distinctive Political and Cultural Style • Liberal Democrat Party, 1955-1993 • corruption raises questions • Cultural continuity • Hiraoka Kimitoke • nationalist

  13. The Economic Surge • Company unions • cooperation between management, labor • Women • traditional attitudes • Popular culture • Western influence • Political change

  14. The Pacific Rim: More Japans? • The Korean Miracle • South Korea • Chung-hee, 1961-1979 • military loses power • more open press, political action • new companies • Hyundai

  15. Advances in Taiwan and the City-States • Taiwan • rapid economic growth • more contact with China, other neighbors • Death of Chiang Kai-shek, 1978 • gap narrows between China and Taiwan

  16. Advances in Taiwan and the City-States • Singapore • similar to Taiwan • Lee Kuan Yew • authoritarian rule • returned to China, 1997

  17. Common Themes and New Problems • Common culture • group loyalty stronger than individualism • Confucianism important in economic development • benefit from Japanese influence • Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia follow

  18. Mao's China: Vanguard of World Revolution • Chiang Kai-shek • Japanese invasion • allies with Communists • Guomindang's position lessened • partly due to military defeat • Communism popular • Mao gaining power by 1945 • Defeat of Japan, 1949 • Communists ascendant

  19. Indices of Growth and Change in the Pacific Rim: Per Capita GNP, 1965-1996

  20. Indices of Growth and Change in the Pacific Rim: Social and Economic Data, 1965-1996

  21. China in the Years of Japanese Occupation and Civil War, 1931-1949

  22. Mao's China: Vanguard of World Revolution • The Communists Come to Power • Secession movements • Inner Mongolia, Tibet • Korean War • China supports division • Vietnam • support liberation

  23. Alliance with Soviet Union • Collapses by late 1950s • border disputes • post-Stalin changes • War with India

  24. Planning for Economic Growth and Social Justice • Land reform • First five-year plan, 1953 • Mass Line approach, 1955 • agricultural cooperatives • farming through collectives from 1956 • Purge of intellectuals, 1957

  25. The Great Leap Backward • The Great Leap Forward, 1958 • based on peasant communes • peasants un-cooperative • famine • ended by 1960 • Mao no longer state chairman • still head of Central Committee • replaced by pragmatists • Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoui, Deng Xiaoping

  26. "Women Hold Up Half of the Heavens” • Mao and Jiang Qing • Guomindang • not supportive of women's rights • Communist promising • legal equalilty • work outside the home • opportunities increase

  27. Mao's Last Campaign andthe Fall of the Gang of Four • Cultural Revolution, 1965 • Zhou Enlai • into seclusion • Liu Shaoqui • killed • Deng Xiaoping • Emprisoned • ended, 1968

  28. Gang of Four • Jiang Qing • opposed by Deng • defeated by pragmatists • imprisoned • Pragmatists • more open to West, capitalism

  29. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam • French • interest since 1600s • hope to convert to Catholicism • Tayson peasant rebellion, 1770s • Nguyen, Trinh dynasties out • French back Nguyen Anh (Gia Long) • unification by 1802 • new capital at Hue

  30. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam • Minh Mang • persecution of Vietnamese Catholics • French intervene, 1840s • Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos taken over by 1890s • Nguyen as puppets • French takeover • discredits emperor, bureaucracy, Confucianism

  31. Vietnam: Divisions in the Nguyen and French Periods

  32. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam • Vietnamese Nationalism: Bourgeois Dead Ends and Communist Survival • French influence • Western-educated middle class • Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD) • from 1920s • repressed, 1929

  33. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam • Vietnamese Nationalism: Bourgeois Dead Ends and Communist Survival • Communist the focus of resistance • crushed by French • aided by Comintern • Japan occupies Vietnam, 1941

  34. The War of Liberation against the French • Viet Minh • communist-dominated resistance • Vo Nguyen Giap • proclaims independence, 1945 • only in North • War • French defeated at Dien Bien Phu, 1954 • Geneva conference promises elections

  35. The War of Liberation Against the United States • Communists v. United States • South • Ngo Dinh Diem, president • fights communists (Viet Cong) • North • supports Viet Cong

  36. The War of Liberation Against the United States • Communists v. United States • United States • supports military overthrow of Diem • withdraws, 1970s • Communists • take South Vietnam

  37. North and South Vietnam

  38. After Victory: The Struggle to Rebuild Vietnam • Difficulties • U.S. blocks international aid • reprisals • Economy more open in 1980s • better relations with U.S.

  39. Global Connections: East Asia and the Pacific Rim in the Contemporary World • Patterns of development differ from most other Asian and African nations • Ethnic homogeneity • Cultures and societies less impacted by colonization • Few benefits from European domination • Growing power of east Asia

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