The Maritime Revolution to 1550

1. The Maritime Revolution to 1550 Turn to the person next to you and come up with the best definition for “maritime”. 2 MINUTES

2. The Pacific Ocean before 1450 • People from the Southeast Asian Malay peninsula settled the East Indies, New Zealand, Hawaii, and other Pacific Islands. • Polynesian expansion resulted in planned voyages and knowledge of stars and currents.

3. Indian Ocean before 1450 • Malay sailors colonized Madagascar • Arabs created trade routes with the rise of Islam • Chinese Ming dynasty sponsored voyages of massive proportions • Metals, silk, and spices traded • Improved relationships in governments

4. The Atlantic Ocean before 1450 • Vikings explored Greenland, Iceland and Newfoundland • 1300’s southern Europeans and Africans set out but did not return • Portuguese discovered and explored the Madeira's, Azores, and Canaries in 1300’s • The American’s had settled some Caribbean islands

5. European Expansion 1400 - 1550 • REASONS = Curiosity, struggle with Islam, alliances, trade. • Iberian Kingdoms (Spain and Portugal) = advanced shipbuilding and canon technology • Italians had no reason to explore outside of the Mediterranean because they had ships made for calm waters and alliances with the Muslim empires

6. Portuguese Voyages • Prince Henry The Navigator explored coasts of Africa • 1469 exploration picks up because private enterprise starts giving money • Vasco da Gama rounds the southern tip of Africa and establishes contact with India

7. Spanish Voyages • 1492 Columbus sets out with letters of introduction to Asia and an Arabic interpreter • Treaty or Tordesillas = Spain and Portugal divide the world with a line I the N Atlantic • Ferdinand Magellan makes it to the Philippines

8. Encounters With Europe 1450 - 1550 • WESTERN AFRICA – Welcomed the Portuguese and profited from trade. Kongo kingdom relied on slave trade. • EASTERN AFRICA – Christian Ethiopia gained Portuguese support when fighting the Muslims at Adal. • INDIAN OCEAN STATES – Portuguese captured the Indian port of Goa in 1510, Malacca in 1511, and set up a trading post in Macao in Southern China in 1557. • Never gained complete control of the Indian Ocean but did dominate it enough to control it and break the Italian monopoly on PEPPER.

9. The Americas • Spanish built a territorial Empire in the America while the Portuguese were building a maritime empire in the Indian ocean. • The Spanish came with guns, diseases, and bibles. Those who survived diseases and would not convert were killed. • 1502 remaining Arawak people of Hispaniola were forced to serve as laborers.

11. Patterns of Dominance • Lack of resistance to dieses • Spanish Military technology (swords, armor, horse, firearms) • Pattern of conquest from forced labor to forced conversion. Developed when the Spanish threw the Muslims out of Spain and used in America

12. ATLAS ASSIGNMENT • TITLE = Conquest of the Seas • LABEL = Oceans and Seas • SHADE = Portugal, Spain, Spanish America, Portuguese America • DRAW LINES FOR = Columbus’s routes, Vasco da Gamma's Routes, Magellan's Routes, Henry the Navigator’s Routes, and Treaty of Tordesillas • ADD = 10 additional symbols