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RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

Explore the reasons behind the failure of the Czarist regime and the eventual rise of the Bolsheviks to power in the Russian Revolution. Learn about the rule of the Romanov dynasty, the lack of confidence in the Czar, the impact of World War I, the influence of Rasputin, the beginning of the revolution, the Provisional Government, and the establishment of the Soviet Union.

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RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

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  1. RUSSIAN REVOLUTION Why did the Czarist regime fail? How did the Bolsheviks eventually come to power?

  2. Who ruled Russia? • The Romanov dynasty ruled for 300 yrs. (1613 – 1917) • If Czar was overthrown, industrial workers could govern Russia Alexandra Nicholas II

  3. Why was there a lack in confidence in the Czar? • Russia was totally unprepared for war • Russia lacked: • factories/supplies • transportation system • modern equipment • competent military leader • Lack of food • Inflation went up • Wages didn’t

  4. WW I – 1914 • Czar Nicholas II hoped war would unite Russia & stop talks of revolution • patriotism increased • Rapidly 1915 – Nicholas II took command of Russian military IF RUSSIA FAILS , SO TOO WOULD NICHOLAS II

  5. WWI Conditions Worsen As food & goods grew scarce peasants grew desperate Nicholas at the front Czarina left in charge (unpopular) Alexandra took advice from Rasputin (corrupt/immoral) A Russian peasant and self-proclaimed mystic / holy man who gained significant influence over Tsar wife Grigory Rasputin- “The Mad Monk”

  6. Suffered from life threatening illness Hemophilia is rare bleeding disorder in which the blood doesn’t clot normally. Rasputin – Stopped the bleeding Alexis

  7. Revolution Begins March 8, 1917 – Petrograd Unhappy citizens marched through the city Czar – ordered troop to break up demonstrations (shoot) Police & soldiers were sympathetic (refused) The Duma – (Russia’s legislature) defied Nicholas II met anyway Russian workers striking

  8. Provisional Government The Duma– established temporary government Urged Czar to step down Alexander Kerensky March 15, 1917– Riots protesting the shortage of food forced the Czar to abdicate Czar Nicholas II

  9. Provisional Government • mid-1917 – Kerensky’s provisional government decided to carry on the war • Russian army was weak & collapsed

  10. Bolsheviks & V.I. Lenin • Founder of the Bolshevik Party • First leader of the Soviet Union. • Spent most of the early 20th century living in exile (primarily Britain and Switzerland). • Devout follower of Marxism • Believed that once a Communist revolution took place in Russia, Communism would spread rapidly around the world. • He returned to Russia in April 1917 and orchestrated the October Revolution that turned Russia into a Communist state.

  11. October Revolution • November 1917 – Bolshevik seized The Winter Palace • Kerensky’s government didn’t put up much of a fight • Lenin established radical communist program • Promised PEACE LAND AND BREAD • private ownership = illegal • land redistributed to peasants

  12. After the Revolution • Lenin wanted to end involvement in war • Leon Trotsky was sent to negotiate with Central Powers • Russia lost much land to Central Powers in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

  13. Civil War • Some Russians disliked the negotiations & their results • opponents of Bolsheviks = “White Army” • France & United States supported White Army • RED ARMY vs. WHITE ARMY • fighting & famine cost millions of lives • late 1920 – Bolsheviks triumph • 1921 – New Economic Policy: plan permitting some capitalist activity

  14. The Soviet Union • 1922 – economy began to improve • 1922 – Russia reunited with neighboring lands that had belonged to Russian Empire • Became Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union

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