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Biochemistry

Period 2. Biochemistry. Lena Vincent Christina Rohall David Han Steven H ausman. Ionic bonds. Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another An atom losing electrons becomes positively charged An atom gaining electrons becomes negatively charged

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Biochemistry

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  1. Period 2 Biochemistry Lena Vincent Christina Rohall David Han Steven Hausman

  2. Ionic bonds • Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another • An atom losing electrons becomes positively charged • An atom gaining electrons becomes negatively charged • These positively and negatively charged atoms are known as ions

  3. Covalent Bonds • Forms when electrons are shared between atoms • Structure that results when atoms are joined together by covalent bonds is called a molecule

  4. pH Scale • Used to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in a solution • Acidic solutions contain higher concentration of H+ ions than pure water, then it will have pH values below seven • Basic, or alkaline, solutions that contain lower concentrations of H+ ions than pure water, then it will have pH values above seven

  5. Carbohydrates • Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms • Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy • Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes • Are made up of monosaccharaides and polysaccharides

  6. Lipids • Made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms • Lipids can be used to store energy • Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings • Fatty acid chains make up lipids

  7. Nucleic Acids • Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information • Two types of nucleic acids: ribonucleic acid(RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) • Made up of nucleotides

  8. Proteins • Made up of amino acids • Some proteins control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes • Others transport substances into or out of cells or help fight disease

  9. Chemical Reactions • Processes that change or transform one set of chemicals into another • Chemical reaction always involves changes in the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds

  10. Lewis Dot • Shows the number of electrons in the “outer shell” (valence electrons) • Can be used to determine how elements bond

  11. VOCAB • Mixture:material with two or more elements that are physically mixed, but not chemically mixed • Solution: mixture of two or more substances that are evenly distributed • Solute: substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution • Solvent: substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution

  12. EVEN MORE VOCAB • Acid: compound that forms hydrogen ions(H+) in solutions • Base: compound that produces hydroxide ions(OH+) in solutions

  13. Elements Atomic Number Element Symbol Element Name Atomic Mass

  14. Periodic Table

  15. Multiple Choice Questions! • What are the subatomic particles of an atom? • Protons, neutrons, electrons • Nucleus, protons, electrons • Only protons and neutrons • None of the above

  16. What is the definition of cohesion? • When there is uneven distribution of electrons • Compound that produces hydroxide ions • Attraction between molecules of the same substance • Attraction between molecules of different substances

  17. What does pH measure? • Concentration of only negative ions in a solution • Concentration of H+ ions in a solution • Concentration of OH- ions in a solution • None of the above

  18. Which is the most acidic? • Lemon Juice • Stomach acid • Acid rain • Bleach

  19. Proteins are formed from… • Lipids • Nucleic acids • Carbohydrates • Amino acids

  20. Which of these is the most basic? • Stomach acid • Water • Lemon juice • Soap

  21. What molecules make up lipids? • Carbon and hydrogen atoms • Hydrogen and oxygen • Sugars and DNA • RNA and DNA

  22. What is the structure of water? • O2H • HO2 • H2O • HHO

  23. What can destroy enzymes? • Heat and acid • Explosives • A rock • Sound

  24. Where are the noble gases located in the periodic table? • The far left • The far right • The middle • The stair step

  25. Answers • A • C • B • B • D • D • A • C • A • B

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