Child Maltreatment 2007: Highlights, Trends, and Measures

1. Child Maltreatment 2007: Highlights, Trends, and Measures John A. Gaudiosi, DBA Children’s Bureau, US HHS Mary Jo Ortiz, MA Madonna M. Aveni Walter R. McDonald & Associates, Inc.

2. Today’s Discussion Introduction Child Maltreatment 2007 findings Round 2 CFSR Safety Indicators Additional data usage and trends

3. NCANDS Background The 1988 CAPTA directed the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to establish a national data collection and analysis program The data are submitted voluntarily by the States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico The first report from NCANDS was based on data for 1990; the report for FFY 2007 data is the 18th annual report

4. NCANDS Data Collection and Analysis Methods Sample Annual universe of reported child maltreatment Data are from State CPS agency information systems Representation Covers national child protective services Includes data from all States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Data Collection Case-level data: 1 child-specific record for each report of alleged maltreatment that received a disposition (finding) due to an investigation or assessment Agency-level aggregated data

5. Key Findings from Child Maltreatment 2007 Reporting period: Federal fiscal year 2007 (Oct 1, 2006-Sept 30, 2007) Reporting States: 50 States (including DC and PR) submitted data to NCANDS. 2 States (Maryland and Michigan) did not submit data. 48 States submitted case-level data 2 States (North Dakota and Oregon) submitted aggregate data

6. Reported Cases of Abuse and Neglect • Estimated 3.2 million referrals to child protective services agencies (CPS) • Involved approximately 5.8 million children • Estimated 3.5 million children were the subjects of an investigation or assessment • The disposition rate was 47.2 per 1,000 children in the population

7. Report Sources • Professionals- person encountered the alleged victim as part of the report source’s occupation • Submitted 57.7% of reports • Nonprofessionals-includes parents, relatives, friends, neighbors, alleged victims, etc. • Submitted 26.8% of reports • Unknown or Other-not otherwise classified, clergy members, sport coach, foster sibling • Submitted 15.7% of reports

8. NCANDS Victims • A child is a victim if there is a disposition of: • Substantiated • Indicated • Alternative Response Victim OR • Fatality • Otherwise a child is a nonvictim

9. Child Victims • Estimated 794,000 children were victims of maltreatment • Rate of maltreatment was 10.6 per 1,000 children in the population

10. Disposition and Victimization Trends Disposition rate increased from 46.3 in 2003 to 47.2 for 2007 Victimization rate decreased from 12.2 in 2003 to 10.6 in 2007

11. Victimization Trends • The number of victims and rate decreased from 2006 to 2007. Decrease attributed to: • 2006 51 States vs. 2007 50 States reporting • SACWIS implementations • Increase in children who received “other” dispositions • Decrease in the percentage of children who received substantiated or indicated dispositions • Decrease in the number of children who received an investigation or assessment

12. Victimization Rates by Age and Sex • More than 50% (51.5%) of victims were girls and 48.2% were boys • Victims younger than 1 year had the highest rate of victimization--22.2 and 21.5 per 1,000 children of the boy and girl populations, respectively

13. “Other” includes “threatened abuse,” “threatened neglect,” “lack of supervision,” “exploitation-extortion,” “exploitation-parasitic relationship,” and “exploitation-unexplained disappearance of funds.” Maltreatment Types of Victims

14. Race and Ethnicity of Victims Rate Percentage

15. Child Fatalities • An estimated 1,760 children died from abuse or neglect during 2007 • More than 75% of the children who died from maltreatment were younger than 4 years old.

16. Child Fatality Trend • Several States have reported increased fatalities during the past few years, which can partly be attributed to better reporting. Not all causes of the increase are immediately identifiable.

17. Maltreatment Types of Fatalities

18. Perpetrators • Nearly 80% of perpetrators were parents of the victim • 6.6% were relatives other than a parent • 4.5% were an unmarried partner of the parent

19. Perpetrators by Type of Maltreatment

20. Victims and NonvictimsReceiving In-Home Services Victims Nonvictims Received Services Did Not Receive Services

21. Victims Removed from the Home • 20.7% of victims placed in care • 3.8% of nonvictims placed in care

22. Maltreatment Types of VictimsRemoved from the Home

23. Child and Family Services Reviews

24. CFSR Round 2 Round 2 July 2006 Absence of Recurrence of Child Abuse and Neglect Standard: 94.6% or more Absence of CAN in Foster Care in 12 months Standard: 99.68% or more

25. Absence of Maltreatment Recurrence within a 6-month Period Standard = 94.6%

26. State Performance 2007Absence of Recurrence Standard = 94.6% 48 States Reporting

27. Absence of Maltreatment in Foster Care Standard = 99.68

28. State Performance 2007Absence of Abuse in Foster Care Standard = 99.68% 45 States Reporting

29. Child Welfare Outcomes Annual Report The AFCARS report (TAR) Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) Community-Based Child Abuse Prevention State Grants (CBCAP) Fourth National Incidence Study (NIS-4) National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being Statistical Abstract of the United States America’s Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being House Committee on Ways and Means Greenbook Other Uses of NCANDS Data • NCANDS data are a critical source of information • for many publications, reports, and activities of the • Federal Government and other groups

30. New Research • A Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) article using NCANDS data was co-written by Children’s Bureau staff, NCANDS Technical Team staff, and Centers for Disease Control staff. The article discussed the nonfatal maltreatment of infants <1 year old. Go to:http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5713.pdf • Article from Crimes Against Children Research Center used NCANDS data to analyze victim maltreatment type trends. Go to: http://www.unh.edu/ccrc/

31. Report Investigation Trends, 2003-2007 PART Measure: Response Time in Hours, 2005-2007 Child Disposition Rates, 2003-2007 Victimization Rates, 2003-2007 Child Victimization Rates Trend, 2003-2007 PART Measure: First-Time Victims 2005-2007 Absence of Maltreatment Recurrence, 2004-2007 Absence of Maltreatment in Foster Care, 2004-2007 Child Fatality Rates per 100,000 Children, 2003-2007 Trendy Trends • Many recent NCANDS ad hoc analyses and • inquiries have been about data aspects over time. • Child Maltreatment has nine trend tables • containing a minimum of 3 years of data.

32. Child Maltreatment Reports Child Maltreatment reports are available online and for PDF download on the Children’s Bureau Web site at: • www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/stats_research/index.htm#can

33. Obtaining Data Sets • Researchers can obtain 1990-2006 (2007 will be available soon) NCANDS data from: • National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect at Cornell: www.ndacan.cornell.edu

34. Contact Information • John Gaudiosi • Mathematical Statistician • Children’s Bureau • Administration on Children, Youth • and Families • 1250 Maryland Avenue, SW 8th Floor • Washington DC 20024 • john.gaudiosi@acf.hhs.gov