An introduction to the group and its projects Tony McGregor tonym@wand.nz

1. An introduction to the group and its projects Tony McGregor tonym@wand.net.nz

2. WANDProjects • CRCNet • Active Measurement • IP Measurement protocol • Passive Measurement • Simulation • Integrated measurement and simulation • Emulation Network • Physical layer switch • IPv6 • topology, mobile stacks, fast handover • NZNOG ‘04

3. CRCNetIntroduction • Project started almost 2 years ago • Rural communities were frustrated by low speed unreliable Internet access • Develop a new platform suitable to deploy future generation (>>10Mbps) wireless networks in rural and remote areas • based around a mesh architecture • Funded by Foundation for Research Science and Technology

4. CRCNetArchitecture

5. CRCNetStage 1 – Build Trial Network Range of equipment • 2.4Ghz (802.11b and g) • Orinoco radio cards and APs • Advantech and Soekris Biscuit PC • Linksys wireless Ethernet bridges • 5.8 GHz • Proxim Quick bridge20 • Trango

6. Current Topology

7. CRCNetPirongia Site

8. CRCNetHSK Site

9. CRCNetMFR Site

10. Between Hamilton Zoo and the Fieldays site 6 wireless links CRCNetWeb Casting

11. CRCNetStage Two – Platform Design • Routing protocols for mesh networks • Link Layer Design • Design of a new node

12. AMPIntroduction • NLANR’s active measurement project • Approx 140 monitors, mostly in the USA. • International deployments • a single AMP monitor in about a dozen other countries • some national AMPs (Australia, Taiwan, Russia soon) • Measure • RTT • loss • topology • throughput (on demand) • NSF funded

13. AMPUSA Sites

14. AMPArchitecture

15. AMPDemo

16. AMPDemo

17. AMPDemo

18. AMPDemo

19. AMPDemo

20. AMPDemo

21. AMPDemo

22. AMPDemo

23. AMPCost vs Function • Design • dedicated machines • 1ms accuracy • No GPS/CDMA • 1 sample per minute • Benefits • easy and cheap => wide deployment • full mesh • manageable • Limits • no one-way delays (bidirectional traceroute, IPMP OWD) • very short events missed

24. AMPManagement

25. AMPNew Zealand • Beginnings of a New Zealand AMP mesh • Waikato • Auckland • APE • Ihug (offer) • Can fund more monitors and maintenance • need hosts (here?) • hosts provide space, power and network

26. IPMPIntroduction • Current active measurement protocols have weaknesses • multiple packets (overhead, phantom routes) • measurement of components (reverse path, CPU) • IPMP combines path and delay measurement in a single packet exchange with low router overhead

27. IPMPArchitecture

28. IPMPProtocol (IPv4)

29. IPMPTimestamps • Router can use any timestamp it has available • Resolving to real-time is not done in the packet forwarding critical path • Uses a separate packet exchange (information request/reply) • supplies real-time reference points • other router information

30. IPMPInformation Reply

31. IPMPUses • POM made better • combined path and latency, no phantom routes etc • lower overhead • kernel based timestamps • explicit clock information • forward and reverse traceroute • DoS resistant • associates router interfaces • One way delay from NTP • Bandwidth Estimation • Deployment (AMP, CRCnet)

32. Passive MeasurementOverview • To support simulation work the group developed passive header capture hardware. • Known as Dag cards • Speeds from Ethernet to OC48 (2.5Gbps WAN) • Spun off a startup • Endace (www.endace.com) • now OC192 • better support

33. Passive MeasurementDag Overview • Capture IP headers or full packet • Add accurate timestamp • GPS or CDMA for external time • Originally header trace focused • real-time flow based • security applications • Optical splitter, electrical card relay or electrical tap

34. Passive MeasurementDag 3 block diagram

35. PassiveDag 4.2

36. PassiveWITS Traffic Archive • Long traces from Auckland University and NZIX • traces up to 45 days (3.2 billion packets) • IP headers • GPS timestamps • Some analysis online • Can fetch traces from NLANR • Summary CD

37. SimulationIntroduction • ATM-TN based • University of Calgary/Waikato partnership • parallel • BSDLite network stack (sort of) • high bandwidth delay, mixed real-time/TCP • NS-2 with FreeBSD stack • new work • network cradle • 802.11b link layer

38. SimulationExample –TCP splitting

39. SimulationThe simulation process

40. SimulationExample –TCP spliting, Network parameters • Bandwidth 34.369Mbps (E3) • Delay 60ms • TCP buffer size • proxy 32767 bytes • servers as measured • MSS as measured • US delay as measured • NZ delay not simulated

41. SimulationTCP Splitting – a single connection

42. SimulationIntroduction

43. SimulationIntroduction

44. MessimIntroduction • Simulation is only accessible to very large network operators and users • AIM: Make simulation available to medium sized enterprises • Integrate measurement and simulation • FRST funded

45. MessimIntroduction

46. MessimProjects • Topology discovery • automated discovery of link layer devices • Traffic Models • further development of specific models (e.g. peer to peer) • generic • Extraction of simulation parameters from traces • Extended range of network stack models • Continuous validation • Hardware flows analysis

47. MessimNetwork Stack Cradle Mozilla / Bash / KDE / etc. User space Network stack Kernel space FreeBSD 5 kernel

48. Network Simulator Cradle (~200 functions) User space Network stack MessimNetwork Stack Cradle

49. MessimGeneric models • 2d Empirical distribution

50. MessimGeneric models