Development- Getting Started

1. Development-Getting Started Unit 4 Lesson 1

2. Objectives • Define developmental psychology and discuss primary areas of interest. • Discuss how psychologists study development. • Describe prenatal development. • Identify neonatal abilities.

3. Warm Up • What is developmental psychology? • Study of progressive changes in human traits and abilities that occur throughout a lifespan

4. Areas of Development • Physical Dvpt • All physiological changes that take place • Cognitive Dvpt • Changes associated with thinking processes of behavior • Social Dvpt • Changes in self-identity…changes in interaction w/others and the environment

5. Major Issues • Nature vs Nurture • Are we more affected by heredity or environment? • Continuity vs Discontinuity • Is dvpt change gradual or do we progress through distinct stages?

6. Methods • Longitudinal: Study same group over period of time… • Child A at 10 yrs  14 yrs  18 yrs old • Cross-Sectional: Study different groups at same time… • Child A 10 yrs old • Child B 14 yrs old • Child C 18 yrs old

7. Methods • Cross-Sequential: Mix of above… • Child A at 101418 • Child B at 141822 • Child C at 182226 • Studies discern milestones: most typical aspects of dvpt

8. Periods of Human Life Span • Conception • Prenatal Period (0-9 m) • Infancy (B-20 m) • Neonatal (B-3 weeks) • Toddlerhood (1-3 y) • Preschool Period (3-6 y) • Middle Childhood (6-Pub) • Adolescence (Pub-21) • Young Adulthood (21-40) • Middle Adulthood (40-65) • Late Adulthood (65+)

9. Prenatal Dvpt Time pd from conception to birth • Physical Dvpt: • Cephalocaudal • Head to Tail • Proximodistal • Center Outward • Teratogens: • Disease agents, drugs, environmental agents that can cause birth defects • Alcohol • Recreational Drugs, Rx Drugs • Smoking http://www.clipsforclass.com/developmental • X-Rays • Ingested toxins, lead • Illnesses • Poor nutrition

10. Stages of Prenatal Development Conception – Fertilization of egg in fallopian tube

11. Stages of Prenatal Development :http//www.webmd.com/baby/slideshow-fetal-development

12. Newborn “Equipment” • Sophisticated sensory and motor abilities • Genetic program • Neural connections • APGAR Test • Measures medical condition at birth • Innate Abilities • Present @ birth

13. Reflex or Learned? • Sucking on a pacifier • Turning towards mom when she enters a room • Flaring the toes when the bottom of the foot is stroked • Being able to stand without support • Babbling the linguistic sounds of the parents • Grasping onto an extended pair of fingers & hanging onto them • Responding when startled by extending the arms outward and upward

14. Reflexes- Simple, unlearned responses to specific stimuli Grasping Rooting Sucking Moro Withdrawal Babinski Sphincter Breathe, Sneeze, Cough, Yawn, Blink Newborn “Equipment”

15. Newborn “Equipment” • Sensory Development • Vision • Hearing • Smell • Taste • Touch http://www.webmd.com/baby/features/in-the-womb?page=2

16. Assessing the Neonate • Habituation- Built in tendency to get easily bored with familiar things, and attend to new ones. • Habituation indicates learning! http://www.parents.com/baby/care/pediatricians-medicine/my-baby-the-lab-rat/

17. Temperament • Personality features babies are born with • (1970’s Thomas & Chess) • Easy • 40% happy, adapt easily, regular sleep/eat patterns, don’t upset easy • Slow-to-warm-up • 15% less cheerful/adaptable. Cautious w/new experiences, patterns less regular. • Difficult • 10% glum & irritable, dislike change. Irregular sleep/eat patterns.

18. Closure • Identify the three different methods of developmental research. • Longitudinal • Cross-Sectional • Cross-Sequential

19. Homework • Life Span Development Decades Activity