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The 6 Hallmarks of Cancer

The 6 Hallmarks of Cancer. College Level Kirsten Artwohl. What is cancer?. Simply stated, cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Multi Hit Hypothesis

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The 6 Hallmarks of Cancer

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  1. The 6 Hallmarks of Cancer College Level Kirsten Artwohl

  2. What is cancer? • Simply stated, cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. • Multi Hit Hypothesis • Cancer is typically a disease of old age. It requires a succession of greater than four events that each have a low probability. • Your body does an amazing job of fighting off cancer, usually.

  3. 6 Hallmarks of Cancer • For cancer to go from benign to malignant, it must undergo the 6 Hallmarks of Cancer. • Self Sufficiency in Growth • Insensitivity to Anti- Growth Factors • Evading Apoptosis • “Immortality” • Angiogensesis • Metastasis

  4. Self Sufficiency in Growth • Normally, your cells need to receive a signal for them to divide, grow or replicate. • In cancer, however, these signals are always active, leading to mutations and uncontrolled growth of these cells.

  5. Insensitivity to Antigrowth Factors • Normally, the body knows when to stop dividing cells, through proteins known as tumor suppressor genes. • In cancer, these tumor suppressors are lost. Without the signal to stop dividing, the cells will continue to divide.

  6. Evade Apoptosis • Apoptosis is a normal process of programmed cell suicide, in the event that they become damaged. • Cancer cells can evade this crucial process.

  7. “Immortality” • Normally, cells will die off after a certain period of time due to the damages done while replicating. • Cancer cells will bypass this checkpoint and go on to live forever, replicating the mutant cells.

  8. Angiogenesis • Angiogenesis is when new blood vessels are formed. • Cancer cells are able to do this effortlessly to ensure a sufficient and continual supply of oxygen and other nutrients are present.

  9. Metastasis • Metastasis is the process by which the cancer tumor migrates to a secondary site. • Once cancer reaches the metastasis hallmark, it is officially cancer. • Detailed description: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrMq8uA_6iA

  10. Informative links • http://www.cancer.gov/ • http://www.cancer.org/

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