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Electron Cyclotron Current Drive (ECCD) can replace missing Bootstrap Current

Electron Cyclotron Current Drive (ECCD) can replace missing Bootstrap Current. Resonant electrons: w -n w ce / g -k ║ v ║ =0 k ║ ≠0 (oblique launch). Electron velocity distribution. Preferential heating of electrons with v ║ >0  become less collisional less resistive net current.

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Electron Cyclotron Current Drive (ECCD) can replace missing Bootstrap Current

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  1. Electron Cyclotron Current Drive (ECCD) can replace missing Bootstrap Current Resonant electrons: w-nwce/g-k║v║=0 k║≠0 (oblique launch) Electron velocity distribution Preferential heating of electrons with v║>0 become less collisional less resistive net current Trapped cone

  2. Electron Bernstein waves

  3. 2 /w) p SlowX (w L L O OXB-Scheme: O-X conversion In the real space In the phase space x O-wave cut-off 1 x B 0 z sin2f=N2z,opt=Y/(Y+1), Y=wc/w

  4. SX O even odd OXB-Scheme: O-X conversion Airy Merging of O and SX waves when their cutoffs overlap:

  5. SX-B mode conversion Finite Larmor radius effects  6th order correction to Booker quartic  Deflection from UHR and Propagation at X>1 (overdense), until Cyclotron damping (eventual) degradation: collisions and back-tunneling SX-FX

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