THE COLD WAR IN ASIA CHINA and KOREA

1. THE COLD WAR IN ASIA CHINA and KOREA

2. Essential Question: What impact did the spread of communism into Asia have on the Cold War?

3. The Cold War was a conflict of rival ideologies between the USA and USSR that lasted from 1945 to 1991

4. Early in the Cold War from 1945 to 1949, the focus of the conflict was on Europe

5. The United States used the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and NATO to successfully contain communism in Europe

6. Beginning in 1949, however, containment seemed to fail as communism spread to China, Korea, and Vietnam in Asia

7. For almost 2000 years, China was the world’s most dominant empire because of trade along the Silk Road and the power of the ruling dynasties

8. In the 1600 and 1700s, European nations became powerful, began exploring, and claiming colonies

9. The Industrial Revolution in the 1700s and 1800s made Europe the center of power in the world

10. Europeans used imperialism to control Africa and Asia

11. Britain won the Opium Wars and claimed trade rights in China

12. By 1900, China was weak and divided into spheres of influence

13. A group of reformers called nationalists called for changes In 1912, Sun Yat-sen ended the Chinese dynastic system and created a democracy called the Republic of China

14. But, the republic did not modernize China and led to an era of chaos In the 1920s, nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek took over and ran China as a dictatorship

15. Meanwhile, communism was growing in China under the leadership of Mao Zedong

16. Mao’s Communist Party gained popularity among poor peasants by offering to redistribute land from wealthy warlords

17. From 1930 to 1949, Nationalists and Communists fought in a bloody civil war for control of China

18. From 1930 to 1949, Nationalists and Communists fought in a bloody civil war for control of China

19. From 1930 to 1949, Nationalists and Communists fought in a bloody civil war for control of China

20. When World War II began and Japan attacked China, Chiang and Mao agreed to a truce from 1937 to 1945

21. After World War II was over and Japan was no longer a threat, the Nationalists and Communists continued their conflict

22. Communists gained support and began to win control of China

23. In 1949, the Communists won the Civil War and Mao created the Peoples’ Republic of China

24. The three “revolutionary” Communists Karl Marx Vladimir Lenin Mao Zedong

25. Chiang’s government fled China and set up in Taiwan The USA was shocked when China fell to communism and only recognized the Nationalists as the legitimate government of China

26. Mao was determined to reshape China’s economy based on Marxist socialism He seized land from the rich and divided the land among the poor peasants Mao followed Stalin’s example by creating collective farms and a Five Year Plan to improve Chinese industry

27. Mao’s“Great Leap Forward” In 1958, Mao began a massive program to increase agriculture and industry called the “Great Leap Forward”

28. Millions of Chinese citizens were sent to work on large collective farms to grow food Image of a “People’s Commune”

29. Other citizens were required to work on massive industrial projects like making iron and steel or building dams and railroads “Backyard furnaces” to make iron

30. “Struggle hard for three years. Change the face of China. Catch up with Britain and America.”-Mao, 1958

31. Mao’s Great Leap Forward started well…

32. …but, it required forced labor and led to terrible suffering by millions of Chinese citizens

33. Even when informed of massive shortages of grain, Mao pressed on with industrializing China, using brutal violence and terror to force the people to do what Mao wanted

34. The Great Leap Forward was a failure and led severe food shortages, famine, and poor-quality industry

35. Mao’s indifference to his people’s suffering and the famine caused the deaths of as many as 45 million Chinese people

36. Mao ended the Great Leap Forward after three years Mao looked for another way to maintain control over China

37. Mao’s “Cultural Revolution” After the failure of the Great Leap Forward, Mao began the Cultural Revolution (1966 -1976)

38. The goal of the Cultural Revolution was to emphasize Mao’s strict socialist ideas and attack traditional Chinese ideas

39. Mao distributed to all Chinese citizens the “Little Red Book,”a book of his quotes that reinforced what was acceptable for Chinese communists

40. Mao targeted young people for recruitment into his Red Guards, a group that protected the communist culture of the revolution

41. Mao targeted young people for recruitment into his Red Guards, a group that protected the communist culture of the revolution

42. Mao targeted young people for recruitment into his Red Guards, a group that protected the communist culture of the revolution

43. Red Guards closed schools and universities and burned books; they also humiliated, beat, arrested, and killed people who opposed Mao’s ideas

44. Red Guards closed schools and universities and burned books; they also humiliated, beat, arrested, and killed people who opposed Mao’s ideas

45. The Cultural Revolution unifiedthe Chinese people, but also led to the deaths or imprisonment of many thousands of citizens Parades united citizens

46. Executing teachers, politicians, critics

48. In 1976, Mao Zedong died and was followedby more moderate Communist leaders Mao’s legacies are the tens of millions of deaths he caused and that China remains a Communist nation today

49. THE COLD WAR IN KOREA

50. The fall of China to communism had a major impact on the Cold War between the USA and USSR