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The Effect of Fruit Polyphenols on the Longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans

William Kim and Nicole Kiess. The Effect of Fruit Polyphenols on the Longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans. Abstract. The Effect of Fruit Polyphenols on the Longevity of C. elegans.

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The Effect of Fruit Polyphenols on the Longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans

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  1. William Kim and Nicole Kiess The Effect of Fruit Polyphenols on the Longevity ofCaenorhabditis elegans

  2. Abstract The Effect of Fruit Polyphenols on the Longevity of C. elegans Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function associated with aging. As aging takes place, there is a sharp decrease in muscle mass and strength seen in both physically active individuals and physically inactive individuals. Sarcopenia is a major feature of aging in both humans and C. elegans, a model organism used for studying aging and longevity. Blueberry polyphenols have been found to increase the lifespan of C. elegans, seen in the pharynx contraction rate in adult C. elegans. C. eleganspumping rate of the pharynx is an indication of the age for the pumping rate of the pharynx decreases with age. Using various concentrations of different fruit polyphenols the lifespan of C. elegans will be measured by observing the pharynx contraction rate. Seventy-five worms will be fed two different concentrations of plum polyphenols, fifty C. elegans will be fed three different concentrations of strawberry polyphenols, and there will be one-hundred fifty worms in the control group. They all will be fed an equal amount of each fruit polyphenol. The average pumping rate of the pharynx per minute will be measured with the use of a Motic camera attached to a ZeissAxiovert 40 CFL microscope.

  3. Need Figure 1: Muscle Mass Associated with Aging

  4. Caenorhabditis elegans Image 1: C. elegans external appearance Image 2: C. elegans internal appearance http://shirleywho.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/c-elegans_esa.jpg http://www.imsc.res.in/~sitabhra/research/neural/celegans/celegans.gif

  5. C. Elegans Life Cycle http://www.sfu.ca/biology/faculty/hutter/hutterlab/research/pictures/Ce_life_cycle.gif Image 3: C. elegans Life Cycle

  6. Pharynx of C. elegans Image 4: Pharyngeal Structure of Caenorhabditiselegans http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_organformation/organformation.html

  7. Literature Review Fig. 2 Blueberry polyphenols extend lifespan and slow aging in C. elegans Wilson et. al. 2006

  8. Literature Review Figure 3: Blueberry polyphenols extend lifespan and slow aging in C. elegans

  9. Literature Review Figure 4: Structural and functional declines in C. elegans pharynx from days 2-10. Chow et. al. 2006

  10. Literature Review Figure 5: Visible Structural Decline in C. elegansas a result of Sarcopenia Herndon et. al. (2002)

  11. Purpose Therefore the purpose of this experiment is to test the ability of different concentrations of fruit polyphenols on the prolonging of lifespan in C. elegans. Hypothesis H(0): The pelargonidin chloride will show no effect on the prolonging of lifespan in C. elegans. H(0): The cyanidin chloride will show no effect on the prolonging of lifespan in C. elegans H(a): The pelargonidin chloride will show a positive increase in the lifespan of C. elegans. H(a): The cyanidin chloride will show a positive increase in the lifespan of C. elegans.

  12. Methodology Caenorhabditiselegans Control n = 150 Cyanidin Chloride 50ug/ml N= 75 Pelargonidin Chloride 200 ug/ml n = 50 Pelargonidin Chloride 100ug/ml n = 50 Pelargonidin Chloride 50ug/ml n = 50 Cyanidin Chloride 200ug/mg n = 75 Measurement Aging of C. elegans measurement possible with the use of FUDR. Statistical Analysis ANOVA run by SPSS followed by a Scheffe Post Hoc Test PelgargonidinChoride N = 150 CyanidinChoride N = 150

  13. Protocols for Measurement • Fruit polyphenol extracts is added to NGM agar plates of C. elegans on the first day of the lifespan assay • Lifespan scoring is initiated after hermaphrodites complete their final larval molt, on the first day of adulthood • Pharynx pumping rates are measured on days 4, 6, 8, and 10 of C. elegans adulthood

  14. Protocols for Measurement • Pharynx contraction rate recorded with Motic Plus camera attached to a stereomicroscope • Pumps per minute measured http://www.technicalvideo.com/photos/ElegansPharynx.jpg

  15. Doability • Motic Plus with Stereomicroscope available in lab for pharynx contraction observation • Fruit polyphenols are easily obtainable • C. elegans are easily obtainable and culturable

  16. Budget Total Price: $590.95

  17. Bibliography “Aging Statistics.” Administration on Aging. (2009) 24 March 2009. <http://www.aoa.gov/AoARoot/Aging_Statistics/index.aspx> “Antioxidants.” McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science & Technology. McGraw-Hill, 2001. “Antioxidants.” MedlinePlus. (2009) 9 Feb. 2009. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/antioxidants.html#cat1> Carlson, Rick E., Kirby, Brett S., Voyles, Wyatt F., and Dinenno, Frank A. “Evidence for impaired skeletal muscle contraction-induced rapid vasodilation in aging humans.” American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology294 (2008): H1963-H1970. Joseph, James. "ARS Project: The effects of walnuts on age related changes in neuroprotection, inflammatory signaling and behavior (414597)." <http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=414597>. Kenney, Richard A. Physiology of Aging: A Synopsis. Chicago, London. Year Book Medical Publishers, INC, 1982. Larsson, L., Grimby, G., and Karlsson, J.. “Muscle Strength and Speed of Movement in Relation to Age and Muscle Morphology.” Journal of Applied Physiology46 (1979): 451-456. "NCLD - Dyspraxia." NCLD - Home. 04 May 2009 <http://www.ncld.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=466>. Oliver, Rush H., Albury, Acchia N.J., and Mousseau, Timothy A.. “Programmed Cell Death in Flight Muscle Histolysis of the House Cricket.” Journal of Insect Physiology 53 (2007): 30-39. Scalbert, Augustin, Johnson, Ian T., and Saltmarsh, Mike. “Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 81 (2005): 215S-7S. “Types of contractions.” Muscle Physiology. (2006). University of California. 31 May 2006. < http://muscle.ucsd.edu/musintro/contractions.shtml> USDA/Agricultural Research Service. "Adding Walnuts To Good Diet May Help Older People Improve Motor And Behavioral Skills." ScienceDaily 25 April 2009. 5 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com­ /releases/2009/04/090419201207.htm>. “What Is an Antioxidant?.” American Dietetic Association. (2006). 14 Sept. 2006. <http:/www.eatright.org/cps/rde/xchg/ada/hs.xsl/home_9660_ENU_HTML.htm>. Wilson, Mark A., Shukitt-Hale, Barbara, Kalt, Wilhemina, Ingram, Donald K., Joseph, James A., and Wolkow, Catherine A. “Blueberry polyphenols increase lifespan and thermotolerance in Caenorhabditiselegans.” Aging Cell. 5 (2006): 59-68.

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