The Meaning and Way to build Green Campus

1. The Meaning and Way to build Green Campus by Dr. Ock-Hyen Kim Director of Daejayon Advisor of GGCI

2. Contents: • A Character of crisis in natureand society • The Role of university • A Model of green campus • The Roads to green campus • Results from green campus: Sustainable development between environment, economy and society 5.1. Mitigation and Adaptation of Climate Change 5.2 Development in environment, economy and society 6. What is needed for the next step? 6.1. On the edge of… 6.2. 2012 WCC JejuDaejayon Declaration

3. 1. The Character of Crisis in Environment and Human Society – urgent, multi-dimensional, global • Anthony Giddens: “Our civilization is self-destructive. (…) Unless we can control this civilization properly, will the human being be suffered tremendously, alone through the climate change.” <<The Politics of climate change, 2009>> • Ulrich Beck: “In derwahrgenommenden Not derWeltrisikogesellschaftkoennenZuegeeinerWeltbuergergesellschaftKonturengewinnen.”, <<Weltrisikogesellschaft, 2007>> • “Latest climate science shows human society facing greater risks from Global Warming sooner than predicted in 2007 IPCC Report.”, Viewpoints on Sustainability from Second Nature, june 2012 • That means we need urgentlya Global New Social Contractin all fields and aspects (production, consumption, life-style)

4. 2. A first step from University and civil Society • University itself is a great source for Greenhouse gas(GHG) emission • University is but a unique public area to produce independent, objective, necessary public goods (i.e. new ideas, knowledge, technology, Zeitgeist etc.) that have huge positive external effects • “More than ever, universities must take leadership roles to address the grand challenges of the twenty-first century, and climate change is paramount amongst these.” —Michael M. Crow, President, Arizona State University, 2007.

5. The Signatories of the American College & UniversityPresidents Climate Commitment, 2007 (….) “We believe colleges and universities must exercise leadership in their communities and throughout society by modeling ways to minimize global warming emissions, and by providing the knowledge and the educated graduates to achieve climate neutrality. Campuses that address the climate challenge by reducing global warming emissions and by integrating sustainability into their curriculum will better serve their students and meet their social mandate to help create a thriving, ethical and civil society. These colleges and universities will be providing students with the knowledge and skills needed to address the critical, systemic challenges faced by the world in this new century and enable them to benefit from the economic opportunities that will arise as a result of solutions they develop.”

6. The Talloires Declaration10 Point Action Plan, 1990 • We believe that urgent actions are needed to address these fundamental problems and reverse the trends. • Universities have a major role in the education, research, policy formation, and information exchange necessary to make these goals possible. • Thus, university leaders must initiate and support mobilization of internal and external resources so that their institutions respond to this urgent challenge. • Use every opportunity to raise public, government, industry, foundation, and university awareness by openly addressing the urgent need to move toward an environmentally sustainable future • Encourage all universities to engage in education, research, policy formation, and information exchange on population, environment, and development to move toward global sustainability

7. 3. Green Campus Model - Meaning and structure of GC Think green! Talk green! ● plan, policy ● green fund ● green scholarship ● survey, monitoring ● documentation(www.) ● evaluation, research ● feedback, review ● Publication, information Green campus office (president, staff, prof, student, local communities)think green, touch green, talk green ● Green curriculum● prof·studentedu-commission● global eco-forum, seminar ● student eco-club ● global green campus, school ● global eco-league & awards system ● plant tree,local food with communities ● GHG emission Inventory ● energy reduction system ● renewal energy facilities ● recycling resource sys. Touch green!

8. 3.1. Green Management -Environmental Management System(EMS) • Eco Campus is the leading national Environmental Management System (EMS) and award scheme for the higher and further education sectors. The scheme enables universities to systematically identify, evaluate, manage and improve their environmental performance and practices. The scheme was launched by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) in 2005.

10. 3.2. Green Office and GreenFunds – in HGCI • Harvard University decided to recruit L. Sharp to work in establishing a campus sustainability program at Harvard University. • In 2001 Sharp and Professor met with the President to request five years of funding at $150,000 a year to further establish the Harvard Green Campus Initiative (HGCI) along with the establishment of a $3 million Green Campus Loan Fund. The proposal was approved. • Overall achievement – an annual reduction of over 80+ million pounds of GHG and over $7+ million of savings generated. This equate to 10% of FY05 net campus emissions. The HGCI administers a $12 million revolving loan fund which is used across Harvard to fund a wide range of projects that have environmental and financial returns for Harvard University. To date over $8,000,000 has been invested in 150+ projects with an average ROI of over 30%. In FY07 due to its apparent success the loan was again doubled by the President to $12 million. The HGCI currently employs 20 full time professional staff and 40 part-time students. - Source: Leith Sharp. 2007/8. Green Campuses: The Road from Little Victories to Systemic Transformation. Harvard university. www.greencampus.harvard.edu/

12. 3.3. Green Education • Iwate University in Japan: theoretical and practical Program for Developing Environmental Leadership by International Standard Organization(ISO) 14001 and Industry-University-Government-Citizen Collaboration. This Program is supported MOE Japan (“Vision for Environmental Leadership Development for Asian Sustainability”) in March 2008. • This Program will 1) enhance the quality of general education courses, 2) develop the campus audit courses on ISO 14001 and 3) help local small-and-mid-sized businesses compile their environment report through collaboration among industry, university, government and citizen. • The objective of ESD is also described as a process that “incorporates principles, values and actions required by everyone (an omission) for sustainable development into education and learning, bringing a transformation of actions for realizing an environmentally, economically and socially sustainable future.” • Students who completed the program above will be qualified as “Certified Environmental Management Specialist by Iwate University”

13. Structure of Educational Contents in this Program • Basic (1) Introduction: What are environmental problems? • Basic (2): History of the earth and mankind and environmental issues • Basic (3): Global system and ecosystem • Basic (4): Resources and global capacity • Basic (5): History of environmental measures • Itemized discussions on environmental issues • Basic (6): Efforts by the government and municipality • Basic (7): Efforts by corporations and NGO/NPO • Basic (8): Partnership to construct sustainable societies • Basic (9): Conclusion: For construction of sustainable societies Source: Environmental Leadership Development Program to Cultivate “Environmental Ability” Structuring Project Working Group, Iwate Uni. 2011. www.iwate-u.ac.jp/ecoedu. “List of subjects for the Environmental leadership Development Program”.

14. 3.4. Green Infrastructure System Structure of GHG Inventory • UC Berkeley reports on ten emissions sources and analyzes emissions in three different categories: • Scope 1 - Direct Emissions: natural gas, campus fleet, emissions from refrigerants • Scope 2 - Indirect Emissions: purchased electricity, purchased steam • Scope 3 - Optional Emissions: business air travel, student commute, faculty/staff commute, solid waste, water consumption

15. Green Campus general situation room Energy Management Facility Management Integrated control system • 효율적인 운영 • 체계적인 시설 관리 • 장비 및 유지관리업무의 • 지식 경영화 Effective operation Systematic facility management Knowledge-based management for equipment and maintenance • Energy Monitoring • Decision Support • 에너지 정책 수립 • Cost Optimization • Energy Dash Board Establishment of energy policies System Integration -Building control integration(building facility/security) -Integrated utility (power/sewage/gas) management -Energy and carbon emissions reduction in Kangnam Uni., S-Korea • 빌딩 제어 통합 (건물 설비/보안) • 통합 유틸리티(전력/수도/가스) 관리 • 에너지 및 탄소 배출량 절감

16. Utilize earthworm's excreta as the natural fertilizer in Seoul Women’s University Recycling rainwater Sys. inSNU, S-Korea Solarenergy sys. in Sanggi Uni., S-Korea

17. 3.5. GreenLife and Culture –Goettingen University and KGCAUS 1.Goettingen University and bioenergy village • Interdisciplinary Center for Sustainable Development(ICSD)in Uni. Goettingen deals with the ecological, economic and social aspects of sustainable development in research and education. The centre aims to contribute to harmonizing the aims of preserving the living world with a human society and an adequate economic development on the basis of ideas “Agenda21”. www.izne.uni-goettingen.de. • The first bio-energy village in Germany was established in 2008 in the course of the project “The Bio-energy Village – Requirements and Consequences of a Self-sufficient Heat and Electricity Supply through Biomass for Agriculture, Ecology and Lifestyle in a Rural Environment”. The implementation of the project was supported and advised by researchers at the ICSD over 8 years.

18. The initial idea was to create a village which can supply itself with heat and power derived from bioenergy. ICSD took up the challenge and started the project in 2001. Jühnde has become the first bioenergy village in Germany. The conversion of biological material to energy in Jühnde is carried out by a CHP-plant(Combined Heat and Power station), run by biogas. For additional heating during winter, a woodchips heating system was implemented. • Success through cooperation: A lot of work had to be done. For such a project to succeed the majority of the village has to be convinced. An operating company was founded to manage all the tasks. Meetings for the inhabitants were held to answer questions. In addition, study tours to different bioenergy plants were organized to give information and demonstration on the benefits. Sponsors were the FNR, the federal agency for renewable resources (founded by the German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection), the federal state of Lower Saxony and the district of Göttingen. Partners in this project were local financial institutes, consulting engineers, building companies and different scientific institutes to meet all the questions occurring for such a project.

19. 2. Construction of Korea Green Campus Association of University Students(KGCAUS): the source of spreading a green culture

20. 3.6. GreenCheck and Review 1. Scoring Example of AASHE:If an institution earned 20 percent of applicable points in the Education and Research category, 30 percent of applicable points in the Planning, Administration & Engagement category, and 40 percent in the Operations category, the institution’s overall score would be 30, the average of the three percentages. Earning two innovation credits would add two points to the overall score, resulting in a final score of 32.

21. 2. The complete package for carbon and EMS support in the HE Sector 1) Independent Audit: an independent audit as part of an EMS adds reliability to this process, while assuring stakeholders and enhancing the institution’s reputation. External audit is undertaken by the Eco Campus team at bronze and silver stage, and a UKAS accredited EMS certification body (NQA) at gold and platinum stage.

22. 2) Environmental Review: The Eco Campus Environmental Review application helps to evaluate the current level of environmental performance across a number of management areas, including: Policy/Construction and Refurbishment/ Community Involvement/ Emissions and Discharges/ Energy and Water/ Health, Welfare and Safety/ Environmental Management Systems/ Sustainable Procurement/ Transport/Waste Management. Upon reviewing each management area, institutions will be provided with an action plan. These outputs will aid institutions in identifying areas for further management and improvement and will help with the identification of environmental aspects undertaken as part of the silver stage.

23. 3) Document Control: Running an effective carbon / EMS management system requires institutions to develop and maintain adequate documentation to manage its key processes and the operation of the management system. As part of the gold stage, Eco Campus participants are required to put in place a procedure to control documentation. The Eco Campus document control application provides a sophisticated tool for meeting these requirements allowing users to store documents including forms and records in a logical and efficient way. Access is provided for managers (administrators) who can ‘check-in / check-out’ documentation (e.g. Manual, Environmental Policy, Procedures).

24. 4. The Roadmap of Green Campus 1. To build a promoting green campus initiative 2. To design goal, vision, EMS and strategic plan for green campus 3. To construct GHG Inventory 4. To plan practical Manual for green campus (pre-assessment conducted, planning green fund raising, role dividing, etc) 5. Setting up to reduce GHG emission 6. To estimate alternative program and Analysis of C&B 7. Detailed Design & Review 8. Starting Operation in GC 9. Monitoring, Evaluation, Feedback (greenoffice) - Harvard Uni. and Kangnam Uni., S-Korea.

25. 5. Results from green campus: Sustainable development 5.1. Mitigation and Adaptation of Climate Change A. Mitigation of Climate Change: Reduction of Energy and GHG 1) Sanggi University air conditioning and heating area (m2) Total energy use year Per year energy electricity electricity electricity fuel energy fuel Source: Y.S. Chun (2011): “Sanggi Green Campus ….”

26. Reduction of GHG emission content Indirect emission Indirect emission Direct emission Direct emission Direct emission Direct emission Indirect emission Indirect emission Total year

27. 2) Emissions Reductions Achieved and Projected for ACUPCC(American College & University Presidents’ Climate Commitment) Network: In the first five years of the initiative, ACUPCC institutions reduced gross greenhouse gas emissions (total scopes 1, 2, and 3) by 10.2 million MtC02e(25%). Although not all institutions submitted GHG inventories for 2007 and 2012, average gross emissions for the five Basic Carnegie Classification categories in those years were normalized to reflect the size of the ACUPCC network in 2012. Based on a comparison of current GHG emissions and the climate neutrality dates chosen by ACUPCC institutions, the network is projected to reach a reduction of over 50% of its gross emissions in the next fifteen years, and will have reduced 93% of baseline emissions by 2050.

28. 3) Berkley University: The campus reports its GHG inventory annually to both The Climate Registry (TCR) and the American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment (ACUPCC) and makes it available to the public. Third party verification of the inventory is completed as part of the reporting process; inventories for 2005 through 2010 have been successfully verified. - 2011 GHG Emissions Inventory: The results of the preliminary UC Berkeley 2011 Greenhouse Gas Inventory reveal a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of 3.7% or reduction of about 7,000 metric tons CO2e relative to the 2010 inventory. With the 2011 inventory totaling 183,500 metric tons CO2e, the campus has achieved the lowest annual level of emissions since 2006.

29. 4) Climate Action Plan Savings- The Progress and Promise of ACUPCC: • Stony Brook University invested $25 million in energy efficiency measures, which are saving the institution $2.9 million per year. • University of Arkansas has invested $52 million in energy efficiency measures, which are expected to save the institution $6 million per year. • We are in the middle of one of those rare moments when the right thing to do is also the economically smart thing to do. —Kathleen Schatzberg, President, Cape Cod Community College

30. B. Adaptation of Climat Change: Transformation of fossil energy Village to bioenergy village in Juehnde, Goettigen. • The biggest achievement for Jühnde is its energy independence. With the CHP-plant (700 kW electric power) and the wood chips heating system (550 kW thermal power), there is only a need to harvest their own plants and to purchase the shortfall of supply (25%) in the region around the village. During summer time, the excess heat of the CHP-plant is used for drying of wood-chips or log-wood. Now an inhabitant of Jühnde has a carbon footprint of about 2 tonnes per year (the German per capita average is about 10 tonnes). All villagers believe that the whole project created a very positive atmosphere in the small community. • Transformation of fossil energy Village to “bioenergy village” and the most famous Education Center for boienergy in JuehndeGoettingen.

31. 5. Results from Green Campus5.2. sustainable development in environment, economy, society • Production of new workforce, leader • Supply and demand of new Jobs • Great transition in Goettingen: - From fossil- to bioenergy village - From agriculture- to high intelligent economy - From agriculture- to a green-culture spreading society • Starting point for a Global New Social Contract

32. New and safe Job- A Survey of AASHE 2010 • AASHE(Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education) conducted a survey of campus sustainability staff in winter 2010. We promoted the survey through direct outreach to sustainability staff. We received 433 completed surveys. The results of our “Higher Education Sustainability Staffing Survey” are presented in this report, providing information about the demographics, roles, salaries, and positions of sustainability college and university sustainability-related staff.

33. Despite national unemployment rates that hovered near 10 percent in 2010, the demand for sustainability staff on higher education campuses continued to grow. (…) The research indicates an exponential growth of campus sustainability in recent years. By far the most common impetus cited for the creation of a sustainability staff position was an administrator champion, followed by committee or council advocacy. • “During the past five years we have seen more campus leaders show their commitment to sustainability by creating new sustainability positions,” notes AASHE Executive Director Paul Rowland. “Moreover, the people in these positions are finding them to be satisfying jobs that make a difference.”

34. A Futuristic Project In The Provinces: Germany's First Bioenergy Village • Really optimistic – from agricultural farmer to energy farmer: The bioenergy industry in Germany is growing, generating an annual revenue of 3.6 thousand million Euro and providing 30,000 jobs. Farmers can profit from it by cultivating energy crops. In Jühnde, six of the nine farms have pledged to become suppliers of liquid manure and energy crops. It seems to have worked out according to plan for the state and the farmers, consumers and the environment. Josef Auer from the Deutsche Bankdemonstrates that wood pellets are cheaper than oil and gas, and envisages that the end of the oil age has come. The future has begun – in a little village in provincial Germany. Here, converting the energy supply of a whole village to biomass has been successful for the first time. • Transformation of fossil energy Village to “bioenergy village” and establishment of the most famous <<Education Center for Boienergy>> in JuehndeGoettingen.

35. Through this project can village Juehnde save money and return the bank-loan in 10-20 years. Moreover, 2010 Juehne village won the first prize in “2010 bioenergy village championship in Germany” and has been one of the famous sightseeing place in Europe. - Source: www.bioenergiedoerfer.de • Von Ende 2010 bis heute stieg die Zahl solcher Dörfer nach Angaben der Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. (FNR) von 100 auf über 250.

36. Envisioning 2050A Letter from the Co-Chairs • In 2007, realizing that society is not on a socially, economically, or environmentally sustainable path, a number of college and university presidents took a unique and unprecedented step to change course through the American College & University President’s Climate Commitment (ACUPCC). • In so doing, we believed we could make significant progress on immediate challengesincluding career preparation and workforce development, access and affordability of higher education, and innovation for renewed and sustainable economic prosperity.

37. People & Planet’s Green League 2012 (145 Universities in UK) • Nationally, the People & Planet Green League results show major improvements in all 13 criteria used to rank universities and measure their transition to a fair & sustainable future – including: - Sector-wide carbon emissions down 4% on last year - Double the number of universities integrating sustainability across their curricula - 86% rise in universities employing at least 1 sustainability staff member - On average universities are sourcing 72% of their electricity from renewables compared to 63% last year

38. 6. What is needed for the next Step? • Above all, it is urgent to build green campus and EMS. It must be supported by the chief administrator to invest with transformation of campus life by all members in university • Support from government, civil society and developed Nations • Global communication, network, supervisor, such as a proposal of president Gabon to DAEJAYON: “I will try that all the policies in Gabon become sustainable policies, (…) I hope this meaningful event today in Seoul will lead to relationship between DAEJAYON and Gabonese government, especially the youth of Gabon.” - Hwankyeong newspaper 30/31th March 2012 • 2012 WCC DAEJAYON Jeju Declaration

39. , US. Department of Energy, 2007

40. 출처 : http://Source: http://co2now.orgco2now.org/

41. 6.1. On the Edge of … • Stern Review, The Economics of Climate Change (2006): “Stabilizing at or below 550ppm CO2e would require global emissions to peak in the next 10-20 years, and then fall at a rate of at least 1-3% per year. By 2050, global emissions would need to be around 25% below current levels. These cuts will have to be made in the context of a world economy in 2050 that may be 3-4 times larger than today – so emissions per unit of GDP would need to be just one quarter of current levels by 2050.” (1990: 350ppm, 2011: 390ppm) • “Time was running short, as the planet heads for 9 billion people by 2050 and the global economy consumes ever larger amounts of natural resources. (…) If current trends continue, if current patterns of production and consumption of natural resources prevail and cannot be reversed and decoupled, then governments will preside over unprecedented levels of damage and degradation.” - U. N. Under-Secretary General and UNEP Executive Director Achim Steiner, Rio +20, 2012.

42. 6.2. 2012 WCC DaejayonJeju Declaration

43. Thank you, Q&A