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A PPLICATION OF. M OLECULAR B IOLOGY T ECHNIQUES. IN A STROBIOLOGY. R ICCARDO S . G ATTA Ph.D. Molecular Genetics, I.C.G.E.B. New Delhi , Reg’d Pharmacist. J ULIAN C HELA- F LORES The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics
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APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES IN ASTROBIOLOGY RICCARDO S. GATTA Ph.D. Molecular Genetics,I.C.G.E.B. New Delhi, Reg’d Pharmacist JULIAN CHELA-FLORES The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Strada Costiera 11; 34136 Trieste, Italy and Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, Caracas 1015A, Venezuela
INTRODUCTION • CLASSIC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY APPROACH TO RECOGNISE MOLECULAR BIOSIGNATURES, & • APPLY THIS IN AN ISOLATED ENVIRONMENT. • SELECT TARGET, • SELECT TECHNIQUE, • ADAPT...
SEARCH FOR LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE OBSERVATIONS - EVOLUTION ? The Origin ? MODERN KNOWN UNKNOWN DARWIN (1809-1882) ANAXIMANDER (VI BCE) MACROSCOPIC DEMOCRITUS (460-370 BCE) DIVERGENT CONVERGENT PARALLEL HAEKEL (1834-1919) MICROSCOPIC WOESE (1980’s) MOLECULAR ANCESTOR LAST UNIVERSAL MODELS OF COMMON EVOLUTION ANCESTOR
EVOLUTION &NATURAL SELECTION UNIVERSAL CONCEPTS? IF Yes continue… (…and skip next slide) No LIFE…?
LIFE AS A TARGET EVOLUTION & NATURAL SELECTION LIFE IDENTIFY & QUANTIFY UNIVERSAL CONCEPTS? Structure IF Transduction Complexity Yes continue… (…and skip next slide) Energy No LIFE…? Replication Complex Structures Specific Interactions More Complexity Metabolism Chemistry Emergent Chirality Driving Forces More Disequilibrium Polymers Molecular / Cellular Waste
CENTRAL DOGMAOF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Crick, 1958 PROTEINS DNA RNA DO NOT code for : REPLICATION: DNA ↕ DNA TRANSCRIPTION: DNA ↓ mRNA TRANSLATION: mRNA ↓ Protein “… to apply only to present-day organisms, and not to events in the remote past, such as the origin of life or the origin of the code.” Crick, 1970 Figure from Labfrontier Corporation
Voltage-gated channels EVOLUTIONARY CRITERIA K v KirCa v Na v TIME / EVOLUTION Modern Proteins Na PHANEROZOIC 570 Myo - present ~800 million years ago Example of divergence from LUCA at Check-Point Intervals BUT Where can we seek homology? PROTEROZOIC 2.5 Gyo – 570 Myo Ca Homology with known molecules Check-Point Intervals For: Homology with known molecules K ARCHEAN 4.6 – 2.5 Gyo Ancient Proteins, membrane channels Moczydlowski, 1998 Early K channels
Homology in: 1: 2: 2: BUILD UP (CONSTRUCTION) 1: INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS COMPOSITION 8, Vassily Kandinsky. BLUE 2, Joan Miro’.
3: THE PARADIGM: FROM: NASA, JPL, UA, UC. DECONSTRUCT EUROPA IDENTIFY BASIC ELEMENTS
LINK to PART 2