Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules

1. Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules

2. Flow of energy through life • Life is built on chemical reactions

3. + + Chemical reactions of life • Processes of life • ______________ molecules • ______________ • ______________ molecules • ______________

4. enzyme + enzyme + Nothing works without enzymes! • How important are enzymes? • ____________________________________________________________________ • building molecules • ___________________ • breaking down molecules • ___________________ • __________________________________ • “catalysts” We can’t live without enzymes!

5. + + Examples • __________________ enzyme • __________________ enzyme

6. Enzymes are proteins • ________________________________________________________________________ • each enzyme needs to be the ___________ for the job • enzymes are named for the reaction they help • ___________ breaks down ___________ • ___________ breakdown ___________ • ___________ breakdown ___________ • ___________ builds ___________ Oh, I get it! They end in -ase

7. ____________ Enzymes aren’t used up • ____________________________________ • used only temporarily • re-used again for the same reaction with other molecules • very little enzyme needed to help in many reactions ____________ ____________ ____________

8. It’s shape that matters! • _______________________ • ________________allows enzyme &substrate to fit • ____________________________ ____________________________

9. 1 2 3

10. Enzyme vocabulary • _________________ • helper protein molecule • _________________ • molecule that enzymes work on • _________________________ • what the enzyme helps produce from the reaction • _________________ • part of enzyme that substrate molecule fits into

11. What affects enzyme action • _______________________________ • correct order of amino acids • _______________________________ • _______________________ • _______________________________ • _______________________ • _______________________________

12. Order of amino acids • _______________________________________

13. Temperature • Effect on rates of enzyme activity • _________________________ • greatest number of collisions between enzyme & substrate • human enzymes = • ___________________________________ • _________________________ • _________________________________ • _________________________ • molecules move slower • decrease collisions

14. What’s happening here?! Temperature reaction rate temperature

15. How do cold-blooded creatures do it?

16. pH • Effect on rates of enzyme activity • ____________________________________ • ____________________________________ • depends on where in body • pepsin (stomach) = pH 3 • trypsin (small intestines) = pH 8

17. What’s happening here?! pH stomachpepsin intestinestrypsin reaction rate 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH

18. __________! For enzymes…What matters?