XCS Photon Controls and Data Systems Gunther Haller

1. XCS Instrument Final Instrument Design Review XCS Photon Controls and Data Systems Gunther Haller

2. Near and Far Hall Hutches Near Experimental Hall X-ray Transport Far Experimental Hall 1 3 2 5 4 6 XCSMono SXR AMO XPP XCS CXI H6 Installation Part of LCLS Part of LCLS MEC ARRA Funds Beam Transport LCLS Offset Monochromator Exp. Chamber Detector LUSI H6

3. LCLS X-Ray Endstation (XES) Provided Controls Subsystems • Following sub-systems are provided to XCS by LCLS XES and are thus not described in this review (reviewed separately) • Hutch Protection System • Machine Protection System • User Safeguards (include Oxygen Deficiency Monitoring) • Laser Femto-Second Timing System • Machine Timing System • Networking • EPICS Control system • Online/Offline Processing System

4. Specification and Interface Control Documents • Released Engineering Specification Documents (detailed requirements regarding controls and data systems needs of instrument) • XCS Controls ESD (SP-391-001-24) • XCS DAQ ESD (SP-391-001-26) • Released Interface Control Documents (specify where the interface is, who is responsible for what) • XES-LUSI ICD (1.1.523) • XES XCS Controls ICD (SP-391-001-25) • Status: all documents are released • http://confluence.slac.stanford.edu/display/PCDS/CXI_XCS-PDR

5. Reviews • XCS Controls and Data Systems Preliminary Design Review held May 11, 09 • Presentations are at http://confluence.slac.stanford.edu/display/PCDS/CXI_XCS-PDR • Many controls items are already used in other (earlier) photon sections, XTOD and AMO, both are past the Final Design Review stage and are being assembled. XTOD is in the commissioning stage. In addition XPP and CXI will be installed before XCS.

6. Risks and Procurements • No technical, schedule, cost risk items except • Usual risk that devices are changed or added without controls being informed • Mitigated by • Regular meetings • Keep ESD and ICD documents up-to-date • No long term lead-time or > $100k items • Components are ordered with sufficient margin

7. ES&H • Hutch Protection Systems provided by LCLS XES, hutch 4 (XCS) is the fifth hutch to be operated • Same for User Safeguards (Oxygen Deficiency Monitor) • Electrical Safety • All cables/equipment are rated for their use • All equipment will be NRTL listed or inspected and approved under SLAC's Electrical Equipment Inspection Program

8. XCS Instrument Hutch 4 Optics, Diffractometer Large Angle detector Mover X-Ray Transport Hall (XRT) Split and Delay Area Post-Monochromator Large Offset Monochromator

9. Controls Subsystems • Vacuum • Motion • Viewing • Power Supplies • Racks and Cabling • Other items • Software: EPICS/Python/Qt • Type of controls • Valve Control • Vacuum Controls • Pop-In Profile Monitor Controls • Pop-In Intensity Monitor Controls • Intensity-Position Monitor Controls • Slit Controls • Attenuator Controls • Pulse Picker Controls • X-Ray Focusing Lense Control • Vision Camera Controls • Detector Stage Controls • DAQ Controls

10. XCS Components to Control • X-Ray Optics and Support Tables, Stopper • Motion • Viewing • Diffractometer • Motion • Large Angle Detector Mover • Motion • XRT Large Offset Mono • Motion • XRT Post Mono • Motion • Split-And-Delay • 3rd Party, need integration • Vacuum System • XRT and Hutch 4: Valve and Vacuum Controls

11. XCS Components to Control con’t • Diagnostics and Common Optics • Pop-In Profile Monitor • Motion, Viewing • Pop-In Intensity • Motion, Digitization • Intensity Position • Motion, Digitization • Slit System • Motion • Attenuator • Motion • Pulse-Picker • Motion, Viewing • X-Ray Focusing Lense • Motion • Harmonic Rejection Mirror • Motion • XCS specific interface and programming • Racks & Cabling • Workstations • Vision Cameras • Beam Line Processor • Channel Access Gateway • Machine Protection System • Configuration • Data Acquisition

12. EPICS/Python/Qt • EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System): • Control software for RT systems • Monitor (pull scheme) • Alarm • Archive • Widely used at SLAC and other labs • More: http://www.aps.anl.gov/epics/ • Python/Qt is a user interface between the EPICS drivers and records and the user • System is used for XTOD and AMO, provided as part of the XES Photon Controls Infrastructure • Support for “spec” interface. spec sits on top of EPICS and provides an alternative scripting environment for instrument control. Support is provided to facilitate porting of spec scripts used at other facilities.

13. Example of Python/Qt user interface

14. Example: Vacuum • All gauge controllers are MKS 937A • Interface • Terminal server – DIGI TS16 MEI • Automation Direct PLC • All ion pump controllers are Gama Vacuum DIGITEL MPC dual • All valves are controlled by PLC relay module • The out/not-out state of all valves go into the MPS system to prevent damage if a valve closes unexpectedly.

15. Example: Motion • Control System provides support for all motions • Motors • IMS MDrive Plus2 integrated controller and motor • IMS MForce Plus2 controller for control of in vacuum and other specialized motors • Newport motor controllers • Others as required • Pneumatic motion • Solenoid Driver chassis, SLAC 385-001

16. Fast (DAQ) Camera System

17. Data System Architecture Instrument specific Photon Control Data Systems (PCDS)‏ Beam Line Data L1: Acquisition (Many) Digitizers + Cameras L2: Processing (Many) Timing L0: Control (One) L3: Data Cache (Many) • DAQ system primary features • Trigger and readout • Process and veto • Monitoring • Storage • Provided to by XES, same system as used for AMO and XPP and CXI

18. XAMP plus XCS 2D-Detector Control and DAQ Chain Beamline Instrument Detectors Fiber ATCA crate with SLAC DAQ boards, e.g. the SLAC Reconfigurable Cluster Element Module XPP/XCS 2D detector-ASIC SLAC FPGA front-end board • XAMP (XPP) LUSI instrument custom integrated circuits from Brookhaven are already connected at SLAC to SLAC LCLS high-performance DAQ system • XPP BNL XAMP Detector 1,024 x 1,024 array • Uses 16 each 64-channel FexAmps BNL custom ASICs • Instantaneous readout: 4 ch x 20 MHz x 16bit= 20 Gbit/sec into FPGA • Output FPGA: 250 Mbytes/s at 120 Hz (1024x1024x2x120) • First use XPP detector • Detector for XCS in design at BNL • ASIC for XCS is modification of XPP ASIC, is in design • ATCA • Advanced Telecommunication Computing Architecture • Based on backplane serial communication fabric, 10-G E • 2 SLAC custom boards (also used in other SLAC experiments) • 8 x 2.5 Gbit/sec links to detector modules • Dataflow and processing • Managed 24-port 10-G Ethernet switching • Essentially 480 Gbit/sec switch capacity • Naturally scalable

19. XCS Online Processing • Electronics gain correction (in RCE) • Response of amplifying electronics is mapped during calibration • Science data images are corrected for channel gain non-uniformity + non-linearity. • Dark image correction (in RCE) • Dark images accumulated between x-ray pulses • Averaged dark image subtracted from each science data image • Flat field correction (in RCE) • Each science data image is corrected for non-uniform pixel response • Event filtering (in RCE or later) • Events are associated with beam line data (BLD) via timestamp and vetoed based upon BLD values. Veto action is recorded. • Images may be sparsified by predefined regions of interest.

20. XCS Online Processing con’t • Event processing (processing stage) • Examples are • Sparcification (region of interest) • Locating center • Reducing data by binning pixels • Mask errant pixels (saturated, negative intensity from dark image subtraction due to e.g. noise, non-functioning pixels, edge pixels from moving center) • Filling in missing data with centro-symmetric equivalent points • Transforming camera geometry due solid angle coverage and dead space between tiles • Radial averaging, showing intensity versus scattering angle or momentum transfer • Compute 2D autocorrelation function (single FFT) and store. Essentially at rate of 1 Hz with 4 MB (2Mpixel x 2 bytes) frames. • Peak finding (locate and fit Gaussian intensity peaks). There may be multiple peaks in some cases and the peak finding algorithms should be able to identify up to a few thousand peaks.

21. XCS Monitoring • A copy of the data is distributed (multicast) to monitoring nodes on the DAQ subnet. • The monitoring nodes will provide displays for experimenters’ viewing: • corrected detector images at ≥ 5 Hz • histories of veto rates, beam intensity, + other BLD values. • Reduced analysis of sampled binned data (versus scan parameter) or other processing tbd • Implemented with Qt (C++/Python open source GUI)

22. Common Diagnostics Readout Quad-Detector R2 q1 q2 R1 Target L • E.g. intensity, profile monitor, intensity position monitors • E.g. Canberra PIPS or IRD SXUV large area diodes (single or quad) • Amplifier/shaper/ADC for control/calibration/readout FEL • Four-diode design • On-board calibration circuits not shown • Board designed, fabricated, loaded, is in test

23. WBS for LUSI XCS Controls & Data Systems • 1.6.5.1 XCS H3 Controls Requirements, Design and Setup • 1.6.5.2 XCS H3 Standard Hutch Controls • 1.6.5.3 XCS H3 Specific Controls

24. Milestones • Controls Dates for Installation in FEH (incremental installation driven by instrument component availability) • Start: Early ~Dec 2010 • Finish: Early ~Mar 2011 • Finish “Early Science” Commissioning before ~Jun 2011

25. Summary • Interface and Requirements documents released • Clear what needs to be done • No issues, design meets requirements • Design Mature • Most items are already used (hardware and software) in XTOD and AMO, plus XPP and CXI ahead of XCS • XCS Preliminary Design Review completed • Most items similar to XTOD and AMO which already had Final Design Reviews for Controls and Data Systems (XTOD is being installed, AMO will follow in July 09) • Team • Engineers and technicians from PPA Research Engineering Group, sufficient man-power available for XCS