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Shades of Green

Shades of Green. Southeastern Facility Masters Conference Southeastern Association of School Business Officials November 18-20, 2008 Little Rock, Arkansas. Viewing High Performance (HP) Design. Larry Schoff, PE Consultant to the US Department of Energy’s EnergySmart Schools Program.

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Shades of Green

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  1. Shades of Green Southeastern Facility Masters Conference Southeastern Association of School Business Officials November 18-20, 2008 Little Rock, Arkansas Viewing High Performance (HP) Design Larry Schoff, PE Consultant to the US Department of Energy’s EnergySmart Schools Program

  2. DOE EnergySmart Schools Goals Approach Impact

  3. DOE EnergySmart Schools (cont.) New Construction and Major Renovations • Primarily suburban districts and states with growing populations • Opportunity: Design in sustainability and high-performance from the outset • Target: At least 50% energy savings over ASHRAE standards Existing Buildings/Retrofits • Primarily urban and rural districts, some driven by consolidations or need to upgrade aging infrastructures • Target: At least 30% energy savings

  4. Presentation Outline Defining High Performance/Green/Sustainability High Performance Design Guides “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design “Shading” Your High Performance Design Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools Financing High Performance Schools Conclusion

  5. Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability Sustainability • Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Green • To significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and on the building occupants HighPerformance • When a building, its systems and the occupants are operating effectively and efficiently

  6. Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.) • HP/Green Design Concepts apply to all building types • LEED-NC initially applied to all • Now – Building types having LEED documents • K-12 Schools • Shell Buildings • Campus • CHPS – Now adopted by several states

  7. Design is ONLY 6%-8% construction cost Construction 11% Operation 50% Financing 14% Alterations 25% Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.) Life Cycle Cost vs. First Cost • All of the decisions affecting this entire life cycle cost are made in the smallest portion of the building life cycle cost-design. • High performance design must be incorporated from the start!

  8. Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.) Integrated or Whole Building Design • Whole-building design considers all building components • Integrates all the subsystems • Design team should be fully integrated from the beginning; all the pieces must fit together • Building design team can include architects, engineers, building occupants and owners, and specialists in areas such as indoor air quality, materials, and energy use.

  9. High Performance Design Guides • ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides • Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS) and Variations of CHPS • LEED • Local Government Guides

  10. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design Sustainable Sites Energy Use Water Efficiency Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies and Technologies

  11. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Sustainable Sites Stormwater Design Heat Island Effect Light Pollution Alternative Transportation Site Selection/Disturbance Sustainable Sites Energy Use Water Efficiency Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies and Technologies

  12. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Sustainable Sites Stormwater Design Heat Island Effect Light Pollution Alternative Transportation Site Selection/Disturbance • Reflective roofing (ENERGY STAR) • Provide shade of the non-roof impervious surfaces or light color paving • Vegetative roof

  13. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Sustainable Sites Stormwater Design Heat Island Effect Light Pollution Alternative Transportation Site Selection/Disturbance • Bicycle storage and changing rooms • Alternative fuel vehicles • Public transportation • Parking capacity

  14. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Energy Use Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Building Commissioning Measurement and Verification Green Power Refrigeration Management Sustainable Sites Energy Use Water Efficiency Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies and Technologies

  15. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Energy Use Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Building Commissioning Measurement and Verification Green Power Refrigeration Management • Reduce energy at least 30% over baseline • Reduce energy by 50% • HP HVAC, lighting and ENERGY STAR compliant equipment

  16. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Energy Use Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Building Commissioning Measurement and Verification Green Power Refrigeration Management • Geo exchange • Solar hot water heat • PV system • Wind turbine

  17. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Water Efficiency Water Efficient Landscaping Water Use Reduction Wastewater Technologies Sustainable Sites Energy Use Water Efficiency Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies and Technologies

  18. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Water Efficiency Water Efficient Landscaping Water Use Reduction Wastewater Technologies • Native grasses and plants • Rainwater • Soil analysis • No potable water used for landscaping

  19. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Water Efficiency Water Efficient Landscaping Water Use Reduction Wastewater Technologies • Waterless urinals • Low flush commodes • Low flow faucets and shower heads • Composting toilets • Rainwater to flush commodes and urinals • Occupancy sensors

  20. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Materials and Resources Building Reuse Waste Management Material Reuse Recycled Content Regional Materials Certified Woods Rapidly Renewable Materials Sustainable Sites Energy Use Water Efficiency Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies and Technologies

  21. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Materials and Resources Building Reuse Waste Management Material Reuse Recycled Content Regional Materials Certified Woods Rapidly Renewable Materials • Sort by type • Reduce landfill costs • Reuse on site

  22. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Materials and Resources Building Reuse Waste Management Material Reuse Recycled Content Regional Materials Certified Woods Rapidly Renewable Materials • Installed cabinets and flooring • Concrete, CMU, brick and steel • Outside furniture

  23. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Materials and Resources Building Reuse Waste Management Material Reuse Recycled Content Regional Materials Certified Woods Rapidly Renewable Materials • Wheat board • Bamboo flooring • Rubber flooring • Linoleum • Certified lumber • Hay bales

  24. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Indoor Environmental Quality Low-Emitting Materials System Controllability Thermal Comfort Daylight and Views Construction IAQ Plans – During and After Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Control Outdoor Air Monitoring Increased Ventilation Sustainable Sites Energy Use Water Efficiency Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies and Technologies

  25. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Indoor Environmental Quality Low-Emitting Materials System Controllability Thermal Comfort Daylight and Views Construction IAQ plans – During and After Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Control Outdoor Air Monitoring Increased Ventilation Provide Daylighting and Views • Clerestories • Light tubes • View glass • Light shelves (interior and exterior)

  26. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Sustainable Sites Energy Use Water Efficiency Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Strategies and Technologies

  27. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Energy Efficient Transformers • Currently, out of sight and out of mind—Today a “Dark Hole for Energy Inefficiency” in all building types Energy Being Lost Behind Closed Doors Energy Efficient Transformers A “Gold Mine” for efficiency and cost reductions

  28. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Energy Efficient Transformers A DOE study* found that: • Aging infrastructure and lightly loaded transformers • 60-80 Billion kWh losses annually • 40+ Million in commercial buildings • Installing energy efficient transformers can save the equivalent of 9 days of electric power generation * Federal Register – Part II Department of Energy, EERE, 10 CFR Part 430, Energy Conservation Program for Commercial and Industrial Equipment : Energy Conservation Standards for Distribution Transformers, July 29, 2004.

  29. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Electrical Distribution • Sub-metering of electrical circuits • Lighting • Outlet circuits • Kitchen • HVAC • other

  30. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Hallway Lighting • Current design – on 12-18 hours a day • Limited controls – all or nothing • Consider controls on hallway segments • Consider occupancy controls • Consider dark schools • Daylighting sensors / controls

  31. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Placement of Light Switches • Why are all usually placed at one location or door? • Place only one at the door, others on other side of room Exterior Fluorescent • Use for all exterior lighting • Reduce energy consumption by 70+% • Improved controllability

  32. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder CO2 and Occupancy Sensors • Control HVAC systems • Lighting controls • Outside air Electrical Outlet Control • Why not control top outlet with an occupancy sensor? • Reduce plug and phantom loads Daylighting Controls

  33. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder Oil Free Chillers – Non CFC • Frictionless; “maintenance free” • Reduces demand; energy use and costs • Low Life Cycle Cost Modular/Condensing Boilers • Improved efficiency • Matches load with output Displacement Under-floor Ventilation • Improved IAQ and reduced energy use

  34. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder • Students, Administration, Community • Increases energy awareness • Have it interactive • Twenhofel Middle School, KY • Provides hands on experiences • Translates technologies and building features to every day life

  35. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Strategies and Technologies Electrical Distribution Lighting Systems Controls HVAC Buildings as a Teaching Tool Target Finder • http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=new_bldg_design.bus_target_finder • Available for different building types • Helps establish an energy design goal – Kbtu/SF/Year • Provides information for providing an energy budget

  36. “Shading” Your High Performance Design Determining “Shades of Green” • Degree of incorporation of HP/green design elements • Number of HP/green elements used • Energy efficiency of design – ENERGY STAR • Doing the right thing – taking that first step

  37. “Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.) Light Green • Integrated design • Basic building commissioning • East-west building orientation • North and south facing windows • Fluorescent fixtures and lamps including gym/multipurpose • EMCS system on HVAC • Low VOC paints and mastics • Water source heat pump system with individual room controls • Low-E glazing • Energy efficient transformers • Use of local materials • Lighting design 1.2 watts/SF • Energy modeling

  38. “Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.) Olive Green:Same as light plus or enhanced • Whole building commissioning • Clerestory design for day-lighting plus view glazings – light shelves • Modular condensing boilers • High efficiency chillers • CO2 sensors to control outside air and fan motors • Occupancy sensors to control both HVAC and lighting systems • Daylighting controls • Waterless urinals • Fluorescent exterior lighting • Recycled carpets • Certified lumber and or renewable materials used for case work • Installation of PV system for instruction purposes • Heat recovery system for ventilation air • Highly reflective roofing material • Lighting design <1.1 watts/sf • Daylight modeling

  39. “Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.) Dark Green:Same as olive plus or enhanced • No-water landscaping; enhanced landscaping for shading of building • Rainwater collection for necessary irrigation and flushing of restroom commodes • Installation of solar hot water pre-heat system for kitchen use • Installation of individual instant hot water heaters where needed • Geo-exchange system for heating and cooling • Pervious pavements • Living machine for treating wastewater on site • Expanded PV system to provide at least 15% of building electrical needs • Purchase of green power • Lighting design <0.9 watts/sf • Green roof (vegetated)

  40. Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools

  41. Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.) Zack Elementary, Poudre School District, CO

  42. Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.) The Dalles Middle School, Columbia River Opened September 2002 Capacity: 600 LEED Gold • T-5 Lights and Sensors • Geo Exchange System • Natural Lighting • Light Tubes • Natural Ventilation • EMS • Light Screens • Light Shelves • 50-60% less Energy BOORA Architects

  43. Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.) Third Creek Elementary School, NC First LEED GOLD School Amphibian Garden at Third Creek – Waste water Management

  44. Third Creek Elementary School, NC

  45. • Principles of Financing • Making a Business Case • Financing Options • State, Federal and Non-Profit Resources Co-branded by ASBO Endorsed by NSBA

  46. Principles of Financing High-Performance Schools Principle 1.Determine Project Objectives Principle 2.Avoid Cream Skimming Principle 3. Identify All Cash Flows Principle 4. Focus on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Principle 5. Select an Effective Cost-Benefit Mechanism Principle 6. Monitor and Verify Results

  47. Principles of Financing High-Performance Schools (cont.) Investing in relatively low-cost projects with quick paybacks undermines efforts to finance more capital-intensive efforts with significant long-term benefits that can leverage those short-term payback. Principle 2. Avoid Cream Skimming

  48. Conclusion In today’s world, operation of educational buildings should reflect not only the needs of the district but also the needs and goals of the Nation. Let’s make High-Performance Buildings leading to Net Zero Energy Schools one of our goals in the 21st century. It’s Not Rocket Science

  49. Does a HP Building = Energy Efficient Building? • Buildings don’t operate themselves, people do • Energy awareness and proper operations are the keys to success in energy efficient operation NO!

  50. Webinar 1Top 10 No-Cost Ways to Lower Your School’s Utility Bills Webinar 2Top 10 Low-Cost Ways to Lower Your School's Utility Bills Webinar 3Top 10 Investments to Lower Your School's Utility Bills Completed December 3, 2008, 1:00 – 2:30 PM EST January 21, 2009, 1:00 – 2:30 PM EST Hosted by Sponsored by For more information: Emily L. Knupp 202-552-1398 (direct) www.usgbc.og www.buildgreenschools.org

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